US Supreme Court Rules Against Affirmative Action in College Admissions

[Anonymous]

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Anonymous wrote:America ha been lagging behind the world for some time now. Hopefully, now thing will become better in America again. I do not want third world countries to surpass America.

Here is the POV I am talking about.

What’s the point?

As I suspected. Too dumb to even realize how far behind America has fallen.

This is directed at all races, if the US isn’t good enough for you, why are you even here? You could move somewhere else, somewhere better esp if you you have so many great qualities to offer.

And interestingly, the US has only ‘fallen’ since we began accepting people from every village in the world, that’s precisely when we began to lag behind the rest.

Since the beginning of the nation?

DP. I don't think there is a causation there, but it's true that immigration has skyrocketed over the past few decades.

What is the cause of the decline in quality US education? I am so curious. It correlates with increased immigration during the later 20th century, no?

It’s caused by the affirmative action, watering down the quality of everything so that the more “preferred race” can be selected.

Try again. The largest shift in demographics due to AA was the significant increase in enrollment for women. URMs are still...underrepresented.

"underrepresented"? that's a liberal/fascist word, not a human language

No, it's a numbers thing. URMs are not watering down the quality of anything because they aren't there.

Kids were dumbed down to accommodate more and more URMs. How hard is it to understand? Are you saying URM numbers were down since the affirmative action?

It has got to a point college admission is 'test optional' WTF

Yes and interestingly it has been show that those "tests" have a racial bias and also hurt the lower income students (no matter what race they are). So schools have chosen to use other/better methods for determining admission. Nothing new there. Been moving towards that for 1-2 decades for some schools.

yea math is really biased toward intelligent people
so they use essays that you don't even know who the F actaully wrote it

DP: See the documented literature on stereotype threat--hundreds of studies since the 1990s confirm. When a marginalized group (like Black Americans) are told a test assesses intellectual ability, they perform lower on the test. If they are told the exact same test measures effort, or learning style or something like that, they perform higher. Conversely if White or Asian-Americans perform higher on tests they are told measure intellectual ability, but lower on the same test if they are told it measures something else. The initial U of M study (Aronson & Steele) found that this difference was substantial enough to explain race-based differences in test scores of admitted students to UofM. It has since been shown to impact performance of many types of all races when a stereotype is "triggered" (e.g., White men jump lower when they are first shown images of Black basketball players than when they are just asked to jump as high as they can, women score better on spatial tests when they are not told they are tests of "mechanical aptitude" than when they are). Stereotypes that are generated over many years in subtle and not so subtle ways get triggered by tests and affect performance, especially when they are high-stakes.

Provide the link to this study. I won't surprised if you intentionally misinterpreted it.

Took me 5 seconds to google it:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167268121005151#:~:text=Steele%20and%20Aronson%20(1995)%20conducted,associated%20with%20a%20black%20identity.

Since you know most people won't you get to toss out something incendiary and troll stroll away

"We find little evidence that black students at the HBCU are affected by stereotype threat, regardless of the identity of the experimenter"
The conclusion is exactly the opposite of what you claimed in the previous post. A stereotype had no impacts on black students' test performance. So the racial difference in test performance was NOT caused by test environments as you claimed.

The study say quite a bit more than the snippet you selected.

Stop trying so hard to frame and control the narrative. Maybe encourage people click on the link and read it themselves?

That's not a snippet. It's the main conclusion in the abstract. You think people put snippets in the abstract? Do you even know how to read an academic paper?

You absolute dolt. Alston and Darity (2022) conducted this study on black students at HBCUs to see whether or not the results Steele and Aronson (1995) found with black students at Stanford University would be found. They were not as the abstract succinctly describes. But you excise the context when you post a snippet from a scientific abstract.

Actually, you are likely no dolt at all. You are quite aware of what you are doing. And then you have the temerity to add insults when you get called out.

Research, like case law, builds upon its antecedents. You know that and then go out of your way to dissuade people from seeking out the fuller context.

I'm a PhD economist. I don't need a person like you to tell me how to read an academic paper. I'm just telling you again the paper you provided had a conclusion opposite to what you have claimed.

This is why people dislike economists; as a body most of you are too condescending and think too highly of yourselves. You know nothing about the poster so I don’t know what “person like you” even means.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

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Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:America ha been lagging behind the world for some time now. Hopefully, now thing will become better in America again. I do not want third world countries to surpass America.

Here is the POV I am talking about.

What’s the point?

As I suspected. Too dumb to even realize how far behind America has fallen.

This is directed at all races, if the US isn’t good enough for you, why are you even here? You could move somewhere else, somewhere better esp if you you have so many great qualities to offer.

And interestingly, the US has only ‘fallen’ since we began accepting people from every village in the world, that’s precisely when we began to lag behind the rest.

Since the beginning of the nation?

DP. I don't think there is a causation there, but it's true that immigration has skyrocketed over the past few decades.

What is the cause of the decline in quality US education? I am so curious. It correlates with increased immigration during the later 20th century, no?

It’s caused by the affirmative action, watering down the quality of everything so that the more “preferred race” can be selected.

Try again. The largest shift in demographics due to AA was the significant increase in enrollment for women. URMs are still...underrepresented.

"underrepresented"? that's a liberal/fascist word, not a human language

No, it's a numbers thing. URMs are not watering down the quality of anything because they aren't there.

Kids were dumbed down to accommodate more and more URMs. How hard is it to understand? Are you saying URM numbers were down since the affirmative action?

It has got to a point college admission is 'test optional' WTF

Yes and interestingly it has been show that those "tests" have a racial bias and also hurt the lower income students (no matter what race they are). So schools have chosen to use other/better methods for determining admission. Nothing new there. Been moving towards that for 1-2 decades for some schools.

yea math is really biased toward intelligent people
so they use essays that you don't even know who the F actaully wrote it

DP: See the documented literature on stereotype threat--hundreds of studies since the 1990s confirm. When a marginalized group (like Black Americans) are told a test assesses intellectual ability, they perform lower on the test. If they are told the exact same test measures effort, or learning style or something like that, they perform higher. Conversely if White or Asian-Americans perform higher on tests they are told measure intellectual ability, but lower on the same test if they are told it measures something else. The initial U of M study (Aronson & Steele) found that this difference was substantial enough to explain race-based differences in test scores of admitted students to UofM. It has since been shown to impact performance of many types of all races when a stereotype is "triggered" (e.g., White men jump lower when they are first shown images of Black basketball players than when they are just asked to jump as high as they can, women score better on spatial tests when they are not told they are tests of "mechanical aptitude" than when they are). Stereotypes that are generated over many years in subtle and not so subtle ways get triggered by tests and affect performance, especially when they are high-stakes.

Provide the link to this study. I won't surprised if you intentionally misinterpreted it.

Took me 5 seconds to google it:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167268121005151#:~:text=Steele%20and%20Aronson%20(1995)%20conducted,associated%20with%20a%20black%20identity.

Since you know most people won't you get to toss out something incendiary and troll stroll away

"We find little evidence that black students at the HBCU are affected by stereotype threat, regardless of the identity of the experimenter"
The conclusion is exactly the opposite of what you claimed in the previous post. A stereotype had no impacts on black students' test performance. So the racial difference in test performance was NOT caused by test environments as you claimed.

The study say quite a bit more than the snippet you selected.

Stop trying so hard to frame and control the narrative. Maybe encourage people click on the link and read it themselves?

That's not a snippet. It's the main conclusion in the abstract. You think people put snippets in the abstract? Do you even know how to read an academic paper?

You absolute dolt. Alston and Darity (2022) conducted this study on black students at HBCUs to see whether or not the results Steele and Aronson (1995) found with black students at Stanford University would be found. They were not as the abstract succinctly describes. But you excise the context when you post a snippet from a scientific abstract.

Actually, you are likely no dolt at all. You are quite aware of what you are doing. And then you have the temerity to add insults when you get called out.

Research, like case law, builds upon its antecedents. You know that and then go out of your way to dissuade people from seeking out the fuller context.

I'm a PhD economist. I don't need a person like you to tell me how to read an academic paper. I'm just telling you again the paper you provided had a conclusion opposite to what you have claimed.

This is why people dislike economists; as a body most of you are too condescending and think too highly of yourselves. You know nothing about the poster so I don’t know what “person like you” even means.

It sounds more and more like 1 single person that's at war with the world.

Today is Sunday. She should go to church and learn to love...

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:I guess URM are going to have to actually start working now, no more free handouts

You don’t think we do? We bust our rears just to make sure people don’t assume we are not worthy. We have to jumo through many other hurdles just to even out the playing field. College admissions is just one factor in “making it” in the US.

If this is actually true then that makes the SAT gap even harder to explain.

Yes, if the black SAT scores truly reflect "busting our rears" then something is very, very wrong.

SAT scores don’t tell the whole story.

They tell a huge piece of the story, though. Anyone with a rudimentary education should be able to find the angles of a parallelogram.

Is the SAT a fair measure of aptitude if only a select group of people are able to prep, pay thousands of $$$ for prep courses that ensure a high SAT score? And still then take the SAT as many times as legally possible until they achieve the highest score. Then others, poorer kids, are unable to afford any prep, maybe a How To book or something but that’s it. They take it once, get an average score and call it a day.

However you like essays you can't even tell who actually wrote it. Rich people can hire professional writers with $$$
Oxymorons LMFAO

I’m not rich so I don’t know. I couldn’t afford a prep course or a hired writer. I know it’s hard for you to fathom. I took the SAT twice, received average scores, I’m worth more than a standardized test score, and wrote my own essay.

You can go to a good state school

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:I guess URM are going to have to actually start working now, no more free handouts

You don’t think we do? We bust our rears just to make sure people don’t assume we are not worthy. We have to jumo through many other hurdles just to even out the playing field. College admissions is just one factor in “making it” in the US.

If this is actually true then that makes the SAT gap even harder to explain.

Yes, if the black SAT scores truly reflect "busting our rears" then something is very, very wrong.

SAT scores don’t tell the whole story.

They tell a huge piece of the story, though. Anyone with a rudimentary education should be able to find the angles of a parallelogram.

Is the SAT a fair measure of aptitude if only a select group of people are able to prep, pay thousands of $$$ for prep courses that ensure a high SAT score? And still then take the SAT as many times as legally possible until they achieve the highest score. Then others, poorer kids, are unable to afford any prep, maybe a How To book or something but that’s it. They take it once, get an average score and call it a day.

However you like essays you can't even tell who actually wrote it. Rich people can hire professional writers with $$$
Oxymorons LMFAO

I’m not rich so I don’t know. I couldn’t afford a prep course or a hired writer. I know it’s hard for you to fathom. I took the SAT twice, received average scores, I’m worth more than a standardized test score, and wrote my own essay.

You can go to a good state school

If we’d stop the years of expensive prep courses, you’d be average at best.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:I guess URM are going to have to actually start working now, no more free handouts

You don’t think we do? We bust our rears just to make sure people don’t assume we are not worthy. We have to jumo through many other hurdles just to even out the playing field. College admissions is just one factor in “making it” in the US.

If this is actually true then that makes the SAT gap even harder to explain.

Yes, if the black SAT scores truly reflect "busting our rears" then something is very, very wrong.

SAT scores don’t tell the whole story.

They tell a huge piece of the story, though. Anyone with a rudimentary education should be able to find the angles of a parallelogram.

Is the SAT a fair measure of aptitude if only a select group of people are able to prep, pay thousands of $$$ for prep courses that ensure a high SAT score? And still then take the SAT as many times as legally possible until they achieve the highest score. Then others, poorer kids, are unable to afford any prep, maybe a How To book or something but that’s it. They take it once, get an average score and call it a day.

However you like essays you can't even tell who actually wrote it. Rich people can hire professional writers with $$$
Oxymorons LMFAO

I’m not rich so I don’t know. I couldn’t afford a prep course or a hired writer. I know it’s hard for you to fathom. I took the SAT twice, received average scores, I’m worth more than a standardized test score, and wrote my own essay.

You can go to a good state school

If we’d stop the years of expensive prep courses, you’d be average at best.

People who care more and invset more time, money, efforts deserves more

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:I guess URM are going to have to actually start working now, no more free handouts

You don’t think we do? We bust our rears just to make sure people don’t assume we are not worthy. We have to jumo through many other hurdles just to even out the playing field. College admissions is just one factor in “making it” in the US.

If this is actually true then that makes the SAT gap even harder to explain.

Yes, if the black SAT scores truly reflect "busting our rears" then something is very, very wrong.

SAT scores don’t tell the whole story.

They tell a huge piece of the story, though. Anyone with a rudimentary education should be able to find the angles of a parallelogram.

Is the SAT a fair measure of aptitude if only a select group of people are able to prep, pay thousands of $$$ for prep courses that ensure a high SAT score? And still then take the SAT as many times as legally possible until they achieve the highest score. Then others, poorer kids, are unable to afford any prep, maybe a How To book or something but that’s it. They take it once, get an average score and call it a day.

However you like essays you can't even tell who actually wrote it. Rich people can hire professional writers with $$$
Oxymorons LMFAO

I’m not rich so I don’t know. I couldn’t afford a prep course or a hired writer. I know it’s hard for you to fathom. I took the SAT twice, received average scores, I’m worth more than a standardized test score, and wrote my own essay.

You can go to a good state school

If we’d stop the years of expensive prep courses, you’d be average at best.

I doubt it

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:I guess URM are going to have to actually start working now, no more free handouts

You don’t think we do? We bust our rears just to make sure people don’t assume we are not worthy. We have to jumo through many other hurdles just to even out the playing field. College admissions is just one factor in “making it” in the US.

If this is actually true then that makes the SAT gap even harder to explain.

Yes, if the black SAT scores truly reflect "busting our rears" then something is very, very wrong.

SAT scores don’t tell the whole story.

They tell a huge piece of the story, though. Anyone with a rudimentary education should be able to find the angles of a parallelogram.

Is the SAT a fair measure of aptitude if only a select group of people are able to prep, pay thousands of $$$ for prep courses that ensure a high SAT score? And still then take the SAT as many times as legally possible until they achieve the highest score. Then others, poorer kids, are unable to afford any prep, maybe a How To book or something but that’s it. They take it once, get an average score and call it a day.

However you like essays you can't even tell who actually wrote it. Rich people can hire professional writers with $$$
Oxymorons LMFAO

I’m not rich so I don’t know. I couldn’t afford a prep course or a hired writer. I know it’s hard for you to fathom. I took the SAT twice, received average scores, I’m worth more than a standardized test score, and wrote my own essay.

You can go to a good state school

If we’d stop the years of expensive prep courses, you’d be average at best.

People who care more and invset more time, money, efforts deserves more

But it’s not a true measure of aptitude though. Some parents can’t afford a prep course, aren’t even aware of prep courses. Is that to say their child is incapable of learning and achieving? Your child would be in the same exact position if you didn’t provide all this extra help and supplementation. I believe GPA is a better indicator of future success, not an inflated paid for SAT score. Anyone could do that, it’s a game. The more you pay and practice, the better you’ll get. Although some parents and kids are unaware that it’s a game.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:I guess URM are going to have to actually start working now, no more free handouts

You don’t think we do? We bust our rears just to make sure people don’t assume we are not worthy. We have to jumo through many other hurdles just to even out the playing field. College admissions is just one factor in “making it” in the US.

If this is actually true then that makes the SAT gap even harder to explain.

Yes, if the black SAT scores truly reflect "busting our rears" then something is very, very wrong.

SAT scores don’t tell the whole story.

They tell a huge piece of the story, though. Anyone with a rudimentary education should be able to find the angles of a parallelogram.

Is the SAT a fair measure of aptitude if only a select group of people are able to prep, pay thousands of $$$ for prep courses that ensure a high SAT score? And still then take the SAT as many times as legally possible until they achieve the highest score. Then others, poorer kids, are unable to afford any prep, maybe a How To book or something but that’s it. They take it once, get an average score and call it a day.

However you like essays you can't even tell who actually wrote it. Rich people can hire professional writers with $$$
Oxymorons LMFAO

I’m not rich so I don’t know. I couldn’t afford a prep course or a hired writer. I know it’s hard for you to fathom. I took the SAT twice, received average scores, I’m worth more than a standardized test score, and wrote my own essay.

You can go to a good state school

If we’d stop the years of expensive prep courses, you’d be average at best.

People who care more and invset more time, money, efforts deserves more

Well, here it is. This explains a lot.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:I guess URM are going to have to actually start working now, no more free handouts

You don’t think we do? We bust our rears just to make sure people don’t assume we are not worthy. We have to jumo through many other hurdles just to even out the playing field. College admissions is just one factor in “making it” in the US.

If this is actually true then that makes the SAT gap even harder to explain.

Yes, if the black SAT scores truly reflect "busting our rears" then something is very, very wrong.

SAT scores don’t tell the whole story.

They tell a huge piece of the story, though. Anyone with a rudimentary education should be able to find the angles of a parallelogram.

Is the SAT a fair measure of aptitude if only a select group of people are able to prep, pay thousands of $$$ for prep courses that ensure a high SAT score? And still then take the SAT as many times as legally possible until they achieve the highest score. Then others, poorer kids, are unable to afford any prep, maybe a How To book or something but that’s it. They take it once, get an average score and call it a day.

However you like essays you can't even tell who actually wrote it. Rich people can hire professional writers with $$$
Oxymorons LMFAO

I’m not rich so I don’t know. I couldn’t afford a prep course or a hired writer. I know it’s hard for you to fathom. I took the SAT twice, received average scores, I’m worth more than a standardized test score, and wrote my own essay.

You can go to a good state school

If we’d stop the years of expensive prep courses, you’d be average at best.

I doubt it

Let’s try and see, eliminate all extra pricey courses and see what happens.

[Anonymous]

If you can’t prep for a high stakes test that determines whether you get into a good college, that is pretty sad.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:I guess URM are going to have to actually start working now, no more free handouts

You don’t think we do? We bust our rears just to make sure people don’t assume we are not worthy. We have to jumo through many other hurdles just to even out the playing field. College admissions is just one factor in “making it” in the US.

Let me share my experience as an immigrant to provide an objective view: the reason the average URM person has to bust their rears is exactly the system the supreme court has now dismantled. Look forward to a world where people will assume that you were worthy of the laurels you were given and don't have to double-check your credentials and skills.

You should be cheering it.

[Anonymous]

Time and effort are much more important for prep than money.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:I guess URM are going to have to actually start working now, no more free handouts

You don’t think we do? We bust our rears just to make sure people don’t assume we are not worthy. We have to jumo through many other hurdles just to even out the playing field. College admissions is just one factor in “making it” in the US.

If this is actually true then that makes the SAT gap even harder to explain.

Yes, if the black SAT scores truly reflect "busting our rears" then something is very, very wrong.

SAT scores don’t tell the whole story.

They tell a huge piece of the story, though. Anyone with a rudimentary education should be able to find the angles of a parallelogram.

Is the SAT a fair measure of aptitude if only a select group of people are able to prep, pay thousands of $$$ for prep courses that ensure a high SAT score? And still then take the SAT as many times as legally possible until they achieve the highest score. Then others, poorer kids, are unable to afford any prep, maybe a How To book or something but that’s it. They take it once, get an average score and call it a day.

However you like essays you can't even tell who actually wrote it. Rich people can hire professional writers with $$$
Oxymorons LMFAO

I’m not rich so I don’t know. I couldn’t afford a prep course or a hired writer. I know it’s hard for you to fathom. I took the SAT twice, received average scores, I’m worth more than a standardized test score, and wrote my own essay.

You can go to a good state school

If we’d stop the years of expensive prep courses, you’d be average at best.

I doubt it

Let’s try and see, eliminate all extra pricey courses and see what happens.

And only take the SAT twice, that should be the limit. It’s a scam, this SAT nonsense.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:I guess URM are going to have to actually start working now, no more free handouts

You don’t think we do? We bust our rears just to make sure people don’t assume we are not worthy. We have to jumo through many other hurdles just to even out the playing field. College admissions is just one factor in “making it” in the US.

If this is actually true then that makes the SAT gap even harder to explain.

Yes, if the black SAT scores truly reflect "busting our rears" then something is very, very wrong.

SAT scores don’t tell the whole story.

They tell a huge piece of the story, though. Anyone with a rudimentary education should be able to find the angles of a parallelogram.

Is the SAT a fair measure of aptitude if only a select group of people are able to prep, pay thousands of $$$ for prep courses that ensure a high SAT score? And still then take the SAT as many times as legally possible until they achieve the highest score. Then others, poorer kids, are unable to afford any prep, maybe a How To book or something but that’s it. They take it once, get an average score and call it a day.

However you like essays you can't even tell who actually wrote it. Rich people can hire professional writers with $$$
Oxymorons LMFAO

I’m not rich so I don’t know. I couldn’t afford a prep course or a hired writer. I know it’s hard for you to fathom. I took the SAT twice, received average scores, I’m worth more than a standardized test score, and wrote my own essay.

You can go to a good state school

If we’d stop the years of expensive prep courses, you’d be average at best.

People who care more and invset more time, money, efforts deserves more

Well, here it is. This explains a lot.

In fact, I like it very much if you are proponent of natural intelligence.
Maybe use IQ test or something.

Asians would like that very much.
https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php

However, still I think hard work and effort should be valued little more.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:I guess URM are going to have to actually start working now, no more free handouts

You don’t think we do? We bust our rears just to make sure people don’t assume we are not worthy. We have to jumo through many other hurdles just to even out the playing field. College admissions is just one factor in “making it” in the US.

If this is actually true then that makes the SAT gap even harder to explain.

Yes, if the black SAT scores truly reflect "busting our rears" then something is very, very wrong.

SAT scores don’t tell the whole story.

They tell a huge piece of the story, though. Anyone with a rudimentary education should be able to find the angles of a parallelogram.

Is the SAT a fair measure of aptitude if only a select group of people are able to prep, pay thousands of $$$ for prep courses that ensure a high SAT score? And still then take the SAT as many times as legally possible until they achieve the highest score. Then others, poorer kids, are unable to afford any prep, maybe a How To book or something but that’s it. They take it once, get an average score and call it a day.

Wrong assumptions and lies. You have no evidence for saying those.

I have personal first hand experience with this. I have seen it. I am old, I know how the system works. Granted there are some naturally brilliant geniuses out there, but that is extremely rare. People pay to inflate their scores.

That only means you prepped. You have no evidence all other people did the same thing as you claimed.
I’d trust my own poop more than anything coming out of a liberal’s mouth.