Jesus' Historicity

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:”Scholars who spend their lives in the sources already have a credible answer, and I’m okay resting there.”

That’s like comic book experts who’ve spent their lives analyzing comic books to decide if Superman was real.



“a question that already has a professional answer.”

Maybe comic book experts aren’t the best professionals to answer this question given their bias and limited outside, independent resources.

I don’t think the comic-book analogy fits. Comic books are fictional by design; ancient religious texts are historical documents, even if people disagree about what they ultimately mean.

Either way, I’m not trying to argue anyone into belief. I’m just explaining why I’m comfortable where I am.

I value conversations with people who think differently—but only when there’s mutual respect. I’m happy to talk about beliefs, not defend mine as if they’re a flaw.

That is certainly the perspective that a biblical scholar might have, which is why they are biased.

An independent historian would offer a credible “professional opinion”.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:Re-upping to see if our historicity defender will actually come back and engage in a real discussion and not cower away in other threads and make claims without the full context of the arguments.

If you think your position is true, why be afraid to engage?

Write a scholarly paper if you think the mainstream view of secular historians is wrong.

Which “secular historians”? Are you the PP who doesn’t know what secular means?

No, it's the PP who knows when the person who's responding to them is trying to be insulting.

So which “secular historians”?

The overwhelming consensus among professional historians, biblical scholars, and experts in ancient history is that Jesus of Nazareth was a real historical figure—a 1st-century Jewish preacher from Galilee who was baptized by John the Baptist and crucified under Pontius Pilate.     

This view is held by scholars across the spectrum, including Christians, atheists, agnostics, Jews, and others, based on evidence from early Christian texts (like Paul’s letters, which reference Jesus as a human who had a brother and was executed), the Gospels (treated as biographical traditions with historical cores), and non-Christian sources like the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus.  

The idea that Jesus was entirely mythical (known as the “Christ myth theory” or Jesus mythicism) is a fringe position, rejected as pseudoscholarship or methodologically flawed by virtually all experts in the field for over a century—it has no traction in peer-reviewed journals, academic handbooks, or mainstream historical discourse.   

There are a small handful of individuals with academic credentials in relevant fields (such as ancient history, biblical studies, or religious studies) who argue against Jesus’ historicity or express strong agnosticism about it. These are outliers, often criticized by peers for relying on arguments from silence, selective interpretations of sources, superficial parallels to pagan myths (e.g., Horus or Mithras), and outdated methodologies that don’t align with standard historical criteria like multiple attestation or embarrassment.

Many mythicists lack institutional affiliations or come from outside core disciplines like classics or New Testament studies, and their work is often self-published or appears in non-academic venues. Even proponents like Richard Carrier (a mythicist himself) acknowledge that only a tiny fraction of qualified scholars hold this view, estimating around a dozen who outright doubt historicity or are agnostic, with others merely saying it’s “plausible” to debate but not endorsing it.

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.

Emphasis here: you are welcome to your own research and opinion on this topic or any topic, but you should also recognize your view is not accepted by professional historians/academics/scholars without belittling/disparaging/attacking them as unprofessional or ignorant.

You don’t have their education or expertise and can’t read the sources in the original language as they can. We all have opinions and a right to express them, but the Christ myth is considered extremely fringe.

Most people look to experts that are accredited and respected in every field, and stating anonymous that you are equal to these experts is delusional. That being said, no one here has to prove this to you, it’s already accepted. If you choose not to accept it, that’s your pov.

No one is trying to change anyone’s mind about this subject, but it’s always pertinent and responsible to know what experts think and why they think that, and compare their findings with other experts. These experts agree that Christ walked the earth.

You could enter academia and scholarship and gain credibility and credentials so you could enter the ring (where it counts) and change the overwhelming majority position about Jesus historicity. If I felt as strongly about it as many here do, I wouldn’t waste my time arguing with strangers on the internet. Use your knowledge and become a scholar or professor and show the world the truth as you interpret it, get peer reviewed, learn those languages first though.

That didn’t answer my question.

Which “secular” historians are 100% sure about historical Jesus?

Hint: if they are a biblical “scholar” they aren’t secular.

“100% sure” is a fake standard

No ancient figure meets it.

If you insist on 100%, you must also deny Socrates and Alexander the Great

Historians don’t operate that way.

Biblical scholar doesn’t mean religious. “Biblical studies” is a textual-historical field, like classics. Many scholars in it do not believe the Bible is inspired.

Excluding them is like saying:
“Classicists can’t study Caesar because they read Latin texts about him.”

At some point, rejecting every qualified expert just becomes a philosophical choice, not a historical argument.

So how certain are they then? 99%? 80% “absolutely certain”? “Most likely”?

Someone who has spent their entire life studying the Bible is not an independent, secular historian.

How certain are the independent, secular historians?

If you don’t agree with the scholars and academics and historians, that’s your pov.

Anyone who reads this thread can make their own decision. I am not trying to convince anyone of anything, but the consensus among scholars/academics/historians is unequivocal. The people who reject it (which is their right) are considered fringe and a distinct minority.

This thread has run its course because it isn’t about a historical fact, it’s about people who have a need to debate or argue.

You say that you trust professional opinions.

Why don’t you value the professional opinion of independent historians?

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:Re-upping to see if our historicity defender will actually come back and engage in a real discussion and not cower away in other threads and make claims without the full context of the arguments.

If you think your position is true, why be afraid to engage?

Write a scholarly paper if you think the mainstream view of secular historians is wrong.

Which “secular historians”? Are you the PP who doesn’t know what secular means?

No, it's the PP who knows when the person who's responding to them is trying to be insulting.

So which “secular historians”?

The overwhelming consensus among professional historians, biblical scholars, and experts in ancient history is that Jesus of Nazareth was a real historical figure—a 1st-century Jewish preacher from Galilee who was baptized by John the Baptist and crucified under Pontius Pilate.     

This view is held by scholars across the spectrum, including Christians, atheists, agnostics, Jews, and others, based on evidence from early Christian texts (like Paul’s letters, which reference Jesus as a human who had a brother and was executed), the Gospels (treated as biographical traditions with historical cores), and non-Christian sources like the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus.  

The idea that Jesus was entirely mythical (known as the “Christ myth theory” or Jesus mythicism) is a fringe position, rejected as pseudoscholarship or methodologically flawed by virtually all experts in the field for over a century—it has no traction in peer-reviewed journals, academic handbooks, or mainstream historical discourse.   

There are a small handful of individuals with academic credentials in relevant fields (such as ancient history, biblical studies, or religious studies) who argue against Jesus’ historicity or express strong agnosticism about it. These are outliers, often criticized by peers for relying on arguments from silence, selective interpretations of sources, superficial parallels to pagan myths (e.g., Horus or Mithras), and outdated methodologies that don’t align with standard historical criteria like multiple attestation or embarrassment.

Many mythicists lack institutional affiliations or come from outside core disciplines like classics or New Testament studies, and their work is often self-published or appears in non-academic venues. Even proponents like Richard Carrier (a mythicist himself) acknowledge that only a tiny fraction of qualified scholars hold this view, estimating around a dozen who outright doubt historicity or are agnostic, with others merely saying it’s “plausible” to debate but not endorsing it.

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.

Emphasis here: you are welcome to your own research and opinion on this topic or any topic, but you should also recognize your view is not accepted by professional historians/academics/scholars without belittling/disparaging/attacking them as unprofessional or ignorant.

You don’t have their education or expertise and can’t read the sources in the original language as they can. We all have opinions and a right to express them, but the Christ myth is considered extremely fringe.

Most people look to experts that are accredited and respected in every field, and stating anonymous that you are equal to these experts is delusional. That being said, no one here has to prove this to you, it’s already accepted. If you choose not to accept it, that’s your pov.

No one is trying to change anyone’s mind about this subject, but it’s always pertinent and responsible to know what experts think and why they think that, and compare their findings with other experts. These experts agree that Christ walked the earth.

You could enter academia and scholarship and gain credibility and credentials so you could enter the ring (where it counts) and change the overwhelming majority position about Jesus historicity. If I felt as strongly about it as many here do, I wouldn’t waste my time arguing with strangers on the internet. Use your knowledge and become a scholar or professor and show the world the truth as you interpret it, get peer reviewed, learn those languages first though.

That didn’t answer my question.

Which “secular” historians are 100% sure about historical Jesus?

Hint: if they are a biblical “scholar” they aren’t secular.

“100% sure” is a fake standard

No ancient figure meets it.

If you insist on 100%, you must also deny Socrates and Alexander the Great

Historians don’t operate that way.

Biblical scholar doesn’t mean religious. “Biblical studies” is a textual-historical field, like classics. Many scholars in it do not believe the Bible is inspired.

Excluding them is like saying:
“Classicists can’t study Caesar because they read Latin texts about him.”

At some point, rejecting every qualified expert just becomes a philosophical choice, not a historical argument.

So how certain are they then? 99%? 80% “absolutely certain”? “Most likely”?

Someone who has spent their entire life studying the Bible is not an independent, secular historian.

How certain are the independent, secular historians?

If you don’t agree with the scholars and academics and historians, that’s your pov.

Anyone who reads this thread can make their own decision. I am not trying to convince anyone of anything, but the consensus among scholars/academics/historians is unequivocal. The people who reject it (which is their right) are considered fringe and a distinct minority.

This thread has run its course because it isn’t about a historical fact, it’s about people who have a need to debate or argue.

You say that you trust professional opinions.

Why don’t you value the professional opinion of independent historians?

These are the independent historians who you agree with:

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.


If there are any more, list them and their qualifications. There might be some I don’t know about. It’s important to list their educational backgrounds and qualifications.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:”Scholars who spend their lives in the sources already have a credible answer, and I’m okay resting there.”

That’s like comic book experts who’ve spent their lives analyzing comic books to decide if Superman was real.



“a question that already has a professional answer.”

Maybe comic book experts aren’t the best professionals to answer this question given their bias and limited outside, independent resources.

I don’t think the comic-book analogy fits. Comic books are fictional by design; ancient religious texts are historical documents, even if people disagree about what they ultimately mean.

Either way, I’m not trying to argue anyone into belief. I’m just explaining why I’m comfortable where I am.

I value conversations with people who think differently—but only when there’s mutual respect. I’m happy to talk about beliefs, not defend mine as if they’re a flaw.

It's a flaw if you believe that there's a man up in the sky who forgives your sins, and if you're good, will send you to live eternally with him in Heaven

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:”Scholars who spend their lives in the sources already have a credible answer, and I’m okay resting there.”

That’s like comic book experts who’ve spent their lives analyzing comic books to decide if Superman was real.



“a question that already has a professional answer.”

Maybe comic book experts aren’t the best professionals to answer this question given their bias and limited outside, independent resources.

I don’t think the comic-book analogy fits. Comic books are fictional by design; ancient religious texts are historical documents, even if people disagree about what they ultimately mean.

Either way, I’m not trying to argue anyone into belief. I’m just explaining why I’m comfortable where I am.

I value conversations with people who think differently—but only when there’s mutual respect. I’m happy to talk about beliefs, not defend mine as if they’re a flaw.

It's a flaw if you believe that there's a man up in the sky who forgives your sins, and if you're good, will send you to live eternally with him in Heaven

That statement sounds forceful, but it actually rests on a straw-man version of religious belief. Whether it’s a “flaw” depends entirely on what is really being claimed, not the caricature.

The claim oversimplifies what most believers actually believe

Most serious Jewish, Christian, or philosophical theologians do not believe in: a man up in the sky, a transactional be good → get Heaven” system, sins being magically erased without responsibility, repentance, or transformation

That framing is usually used by critics, not believers.

So the criticism is often aimed at a cartoon, not the belief itself.

Is belief itself a “flaw”?

A flaw implies a defect in reasoning or character.

Belief in God can be flawed if: it’s used to avoid responsibility, it’s used to justify cruelty, it’s immune to all reflection or evidence, and/or it replaces moral reasoning instead of deepening it.

But belief is not inherently flawed any more than: belief in human dignity, belief in justice, and belief that life has meaning beyond survival. Those are also metaphysical commitments.

Forgiveness ≠ moral escape hatch

In most Christian theology: Forgiveness is not permission, Grace is not moral laziness, Repentance implies accountability, change, and humility.

Someone who says “I’m forgiven so it doesn’t matter what I do” is already outside the ethical framework they claim to believe in.

That’s hypocrisy — not belief. And yes, there are people who claim that.


Eternal life is not a reward for “being nice”

Again, the caricature misses the core idea. Heaven is usually understood as union with God, restoration of what is broken, and participation in goodness itself. Heaven is not a celestial country club for polite people.

If someone reduces it to “be good, get prize,” they’re already misunderstanding their own tradition.

The real question underneath the accusation—>

What’s actually being argued is usually this: “I think believing in transcendent meaning is intellectually dishonest.”

That’s a philosophical position, not a scientific one. And it’s no more provable than belief itself.

Science cannot prove: moral obligation, intrinsic human worth, or why cruelty is wrong rather than merely inefficient. Yet, most people live as if those things are real.

Belief can be abused, but so can disbelief. I judge ideas by how they shape responsibility and compassion, not by caricatures.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:Re-upping to see if our historicity defender will actually come back and engage in a real discussion and not cower away in other threads and make claims without the full context of the arguments.

If you think your position is true, why be afraid to engage?

Write a scholarly paper if you think the mainstream view of secular historians is wrong.

Which “secular historians”? Are you the PP who doesn’t know what secular means?

No, it's the PP who knows when the person who's responding to them is trying to be insulting.

So which “secular historians”?

The overwhelming consensus among professional historians, biblical scholars, and experts in ancient history is that Jesus of Nazareth was a real historical figure—a 1st-century Jewish preacher from Galilee who was baptized by John the Baptist and crucified under Pontius Pilate.     

This view is held by scholars across the spectrum, including Christians, atheists, agnostics, Jews, and others, based on evidence from early Christian texts (like Paul’s letters, which reference Jesus as a human who had a brother and was executed), the Gospels (treated as biographical traditions with historical cores), and non-Christian sources like the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus.  

The idea that Jesus was entirely mythical (known as the “Christ myth theory” or Jesus mythicism) is a fringe position, rejected as pseudoscholarship or methodologically flawed by virtually all experts in the field for over a century—it has no traction in peer-reviewed journals, academic handbooks, or mainstream historical discourse.   

There are a small handful of individuals with academic credentials in relevant fields (such as ancient history, biblical studies, or religious studies) who argue against Jesus’ historicity or express strong agnosticism about it. These are outliers, often criticized by peers for relying on arguments from silence, selective interpretations of sources, superficial parallels to pagan myths (e.g., Horus or Mithras), and outdated methodologies that don’t align with standard historical criteria like multiple attestation or embarrassment.

Many mythicists lack institutional affiliations or come from outside core disciplines like classics or New Testament studies, and their work is often self-published or appears in non-academic venues. Even proponents like Richard Carrier (a mythicist himself) acknowledge that only a tiny fraction of qualified scholars hold this view, estimating around a dozen who outright doubt historicity or are agnostic, with others merely saying it’s “plausible” to debate but not endorsing it.

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.

Emphasis here: you are welcome to your own research and opinion on this topic or any topic, but you should also recognize your view is not accepted by professional historians/academics/scholars without belittling/disparaging/attacking them as unprofessional or ignorant.

You don’t have their education or expertise and can’t read the sources in the original language as they can. We all have opinions and a right to express them, but the Christ myth is considered extremely fringe.

Most people look to experts that are accredited and respected in every field, and stating anonymous that you are equal to these experts is delusional. That being said, no one here has to prove this to you, it’s already accepted. If you choose not to accept it, that’s your pov.

No one is trying to change anyone’s mind about this subject, but it’s always pertinent and responsible to know what experts think and why they think that, and compare their findings with other experts. These experts agree that Christ walked the earth.

You could enter academia and scholarship and gain credibility and credentials so you could enter the ring (where it counts) and change the overwhelming majority position about Jesus historicity. If I felt as strongly about it as many here do, I wouldn’t waste my time arguing with strangers on the internet. Use your knowledge and become a scholar or professor and show the world the truth as you interpret it, get peer reviewed, learn those languages first though.

That didn’t answer my question.

Which “secular” historians are 100% sure about historical Jesus?

Hint: if they are a biblical “scholar” they aren’t secular.

“100% sure” is a fake standard

No ancient figure meets it.

If you insist on 100%, you must also deny Socrates and Alexander the Great

Historians don’t operate that way.

Biblical scholar doesn’t mean religious. “Biblical studies” is a textual-historical field, like classics. Many scholars in it do not believe the Bible is inspired.

Excluding them is like saying:
“Classicists can’t study Caesar because they read Latin texts about him.”

At some point, rejecting every qualified expert just becomes a philosophical choice, not a historical argument.

So how certain are they then? 99%? 80% “absolutely certain”? “Most likely”?

Someone who has spent their entire life studying the Bible is not an independent, secular historian.

How certain are the independent, secular historians?

If you don’t agree with the scholars and academics and historians, that’s your pov.

Anyone who reads this thread can make their own decision. I am not trying to convince anyone of anything, but the consensus among scholars/academics/historians is unequivocal. The people who reject it (which is their right) are considered fringe and a distinct minority.

This thread has run its course because it isn’t about a historical fact, it’s about people who have a need to debate or argue.

You say that you trust professional opinions.

Why don’t you value the professional opinion of independent historians?

These are the independent historians who you agree with:

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.


If there are any more, list them and their qualifications. There might be some I don’t know about. It’s important to list their educational backgrounds and qualifications.

So the consensus for independent historians is that Jesus was a myth?

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:Re-upping to see if our historicity defender will actually come back and engage in a real discussion and not cower away in other threads and make claims without the full context of the arguments.

If you think your position is true, why be afraid to engage?

Write a scholarly paper if you think the mainstream view of secular historians is wrong.

Which “secular historians”? Are you the PP who doesn’t know what secular means?

No, it's the PP who knows when the person who's responding to them is trying to be insulting.

So which “secular historians”?

The overwhelming consensus among professional historians, biblical scholars, and experts in ancient history is that Jesus of Nazareth was a real historical figure—a 1st-century Jewish preacher from Galilee who was baptized by John the Baptist and crucified under Pontius Pilate.     

This view is held by scholars across the spectrum, including Christians, atheists, agnostics, Jews, and others, based on evidence from early Christian texts (like Paul’s letters, which reference Jesus as a human who had a brother and was executed), the Gospels (treated as biographical traditions with historical cores), and non-Christian sources like the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus.  

The idea that Jesus was entirely mythical (known as the “Christ myth theory” or Jesus mythicism) is a fringe position, rejected as pseudoscholarship or methodologically flawed by virtually all experts in the field for over a century—it has no traction in peer-reviewed journals, academic handbooks, or mainstream historical discourse.   

There are a small handful of individuals with academic credentials in relevant fields (such as ancient history, biblical studies, or religious studies) who argue against Jesus’ historicity or express strong agnosticism about it. These are outliers, often criticized by peers for relying on arguments from silence, selective interpretations of sources, superficial parallels to pagan myths (e.g., Horus or Mithras), and outdated methodologies that don’t align with standard historical criteria like multiple attestation or embarrassment.

Many mythicists lack institutional affiliations or come from outside core disciplines like classics or New Testament studies, and their work is often self-published or appears in non-academic venues. Even proponents like Richard Carrier (a mythicist himself) acknowledge that only a tiny fraction of qualified scholars hold this view, estimating around a dozen who outright doubt historicity or are agnostic, with others merely saying it’s “plausible” to debate but not endorsing it.

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.

Emphasis here: you are welcome to your own research and opinion on this topic or any topic, but you should also recognize your view is not accepted by professional historians/academics/scholars without belittling/disparaging/attacking them as unprofessional or ignorant.

You don’t have their education or expertise and can’t read the sources in the original language as they can. We all have opinions and a right to express them, but the Christ myth is considered extremely fringe.

Most people look to experts that are accredited and respected in every field, and stating anonymous that you are equal to these experts is delusional. That being said, no one here has to prove this to you, it’s already accepted. If you choose not to accept it, that’s your pov.

No one is trying to change anyone’s mind about this subject, but it’s always pertinent and responsible to know what experts think and why they think that, and compare their findings with other experts. These experts agree that Christ walked the earth.

You could enter academia and scholarship and gain credibility and credentials so you could enter the ring (where it counts) and change the overwhelming majority position about Jesus historicity. If I felt as strongly about it as many here do, I wouldn’t waste my time arguing with strangers on the internet. Use your knowledge and become a scholar or professor and show the world the truth as you interpret it, get peer reviewed, learn those languages first though.

That didn’t answer my question.

Which “secular” historians are 100% sure about historical Jesus?

Hint: if they are a biblical “scholar” they aren’t secular.

“100% sure” is a fake standard

No ancient figure meets it.

If you insist on 100%, you must also deny Socrates and Alexander the Great

Historians don’t operate that way.

Biblical scholar doesn’t mean religious. “Biblical studies” is a textual-historical field, like classics. Many scholars in it do not believe the Bible is inspired.

Excluding them is like saying:
“Classicists can’t study Caesar because they read Latin texts about him.”

At some point, rejecting every qualified expert just becomes a philosophical choice, not a historical argument.

So how certain are they then? 99%? 80% “absolutely certain”? “Most likely”?

Someone who has spent their entire life studying the Bible is not an independent, secular historian.

How certain are the independent, secular historians?

If you don’t agree with the scholars and academics and historians, that’s your pov.

Anyone who reads this thread can make their own decision. I am not trying to convince anyone of anything, but the consensus among scholars/academics/historians is unequivocal. The people who reject it (which is their right) are considered fringe and a distinct minority.

This thread has run its course because it isn’t about a historical fact, it’s about people who have a need to debate or argue.

You say that you trust professional opinions.

Why don’t you value the professional opinion of independent historians?

These are the independent historians who you agree with:

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.


If there are any more, list them and their qualifications. There might be some I don’t know about. It’s important to list their educational backgrounds and qualifications.

So the consensus for independent historians is that Jesus was a myth?

No, the pp gave you a list of independent historians that agree with your premise. That doesn’t mean all independent historians agree with them.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:Re-upping to see if our historicity defender will actually come back and engage in a real discussion and not cower away in other threads and make claims without the full context of the arguments.

If you think your position is true, why be afraid to engage?

Write a scholarly paper if you think the mainstream view of secular historians is wrong.

Which “secular historians”? Are you the PP who doesn’t know what secular means?

No, it's the PP who knows when the person who's responding to them is trying to be insulting.

So which “secular historians”?

The overwhelming consensus among professional historians, biblical scholars, and experts in ancient history is that Jesus of Nazareth was a real historical figure—a 1st-century Jewish preacher from Galilee who was baptized by John the Baptist and crucified under Pontius Pilate.     

This view is held by scholars across the spectrum, including Christians, atheists, agnostics, Jews, and others, based on evidence from early Christian texts (like Paul’s letters, which reference Jesus as a human who had a brother and was executed), the Gospels (treated as biographical traditions with historical cores), and non-Christian sources like the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus.  

The idea that Jesus was entirely mythical (known as the “Christ myth theory” or Jesus mythicism) is a fringe position, rejected as pseudoscholarship or methodologically flawed by virtually all experts in the field for over a century—it has no traction in peer-reviewed journals, academic handbooks, or mainstream historical discourse.   

There are a small handful of individuals with academic credentials in relevant fields (such as ancient history, biblical studies, or religious studies) who argue against Jesus’ historicity or express strong agnosticism about it. These are outliers, often criticized by peers for relying on arguments from silence, selective interpretations of sources, superficial parallels to pagan myths (e.g., Horus or Mithras), and outdated methodologies that don’t align with standard historical criteria like multiple attestation or embarrassment.

Many mythicists lack institutional affiliations or come from outside core disciplines like classics or New Testament studies, and their work is often self-published or appears in non-academic venues. Even proponents like Richard Carrier (a mythicist himself) acknowledge that only a tiny fraction of qualified scholars hold this view, estimating around a dozen who outright doubt historicity or are agnostic, with others merely saying it’s “plausible” to debate but not endorsing it.

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.

Emphasis here: you are welcome to your own research and opinion on this topic or any topic, but you should also recognize your view is not accepted by professional historians/academics/scholars without belittling/disparaging/attacking them as unprofessional or ignorant.

You don’t have their education or expertise and can’t read the sources in the original language as they can. We all have opinions and a right to express them, but the Christ myth is considered extremely fringe.

Most people look to experts that are accredited and respected in every field, and stating anonymous that you are equal to these experts is delusional. That being said, no one here has to prove this to you, it’s already accepted. If you choose not to accept it, that’s your pov.

No one is trying to change anyone’s mind about this subject, but it’s always pertinent and responsible to know what experts think and why they think that, and compare their findings with other experts. These experts agree that Christ walked the earth.

You could enter academia and scholarship and gain credibility and credentials so you could enter the ring (where it counts) and change the overwhelming majority position about Jesus historicity. If I felt as strongly about it as many here do, I wouldn’t waste my time arguing with strangers on the internet. Use your knowledge and become a scholar or professor and show the world the truth as you interpret it, get peer reviewed, learn those languages first though.

That didn’t answer my question.

Which “secular” historians are 100% sure about historical Jesus?

Hint: if they are a biblical “scholar” they aren’t secular.

“100% sure” is a fake standard

No ancient figure meets it.

If you insist on 100%, you must also deny Socrates and Alexander the Great

Historians don’t operate that way.

Biblical scholar doesn’t mean religious. “Biblical studies” is a textual-historical field, like classics. Many scholars in it do not believe the Bible is inspired.

Excluding them is like saying:
“Classicists can’t study Caesar because they read Latin texts about him.”

At some point, rejecting every qualified expert just becomes a philosophical choice, not a historical argument.

So how certain are they then? 99%? 80% “absolutely certain”? “Most likely”?

Someone who has spent their entire life studying the Bible is not an independent, secular historian.

How certain are the independent, secular historians?

If you don’t agree with the scholars and academics and historians, that’s your pov.

Anyone who reads this thread can make their own decision. I am not trying to convince anyone of anything, but the consensus among scholars/academics/historians is unequivocal. The people who reject it (which is their right) are considered fringe and a distinct minority.

This thread has run its course because it isn’t about a historical fact, it’s about people who have a need to debate or argue.

You say that you trust professional opinions.

Why don’t you value the professional opinion of independent historians?

These are the independent historians who you agree with:

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.


If there are any more, list them and their qualifications. There might be some I don’t know about. It’s important to list their educational backgrounds and qualifications.

So the consensus for independent historians is that Jesus was a myth?

No, the pp gave you a list of independent historians that agree with your premise. That doesn’t mean all independent historians agree with them.

My premise? I haven’t shared any “premise”.

We are discussing professional opinions.

It’s very telling that the PP doesn’t share professional opinions from independent historians.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:Re-upping to see if our historicity defender will actually come back and engage in a real discussion and not cower away in other threads and make claims without the full context of the arguments.

If you think your position is true, why be afraid to engage?

Write a scholarly paper if you think the mainstream view of secular historians is wrong.

Which “secular historians”? Are you the PP who doesn’t know what secular means?

No, it's the PP who knows when the person who's responding to them is trying to be insulting.

So which “secular historians”?

The overwhelming consensus among professional historians, biblical scholars, and experts in ancient history is that Jesus of Nazareth was a real historical figure—a 1st-century Jewish preacher from Galilee who was baptized by John the Baptist and crucified under Pontius Pilate.     

This view is held by scholars across the spectrum, including Christians, atheists, agnostics, Jews, and others, based on evidence from early Christian texts (like Paul’s letters, which reference Jesus as a human who had a brother and was executed), the Gospels (treated as biographical traditions with historical cores), and non-Christian sources like the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus.  

The idea that Jesus was entirely mythical (known as the “Christ myth theory” or Jesus mythicism) is a fringe position, rejected as pseudoscholarship or methodologically flawed by virtually all experts in the field for over a century—it has no traction in peer-reviewed journals, academic handbooks, or mainstream historical discourse.   

There are a small handful of individuals with academic credentials in relevant fields (such as ancient history, biblical studies, or religious studies) who argue against Jesus’ historicity or express strong agnosticism about it. These are outliers, often criticized by peers for relying on arguments from silence, selective interpretations of sources, superficial parallels to pagan myths (e.g., Horus or Mithras), and outdated methodologies that don’t align with standard historical criteria like multiple attestation or embarrassment.

Many mythicists lack institutional affiliations or come from outside core disciplines like classics or New Testament studies, and their work is often self-published or appears in non-academic venues. Even proponents like Richard Carrier (a mythicist himself) acknowledge that only a tiny fraction of qualified scholars hold this view, estimating around a dozen who outright doubt historicity or are agnostic, with others merely saying it’s “plausible” to debate but not endorsing it.

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.

Emphasis here: you are welcome to your own research and opinion on this topic or any topic, but you should also recognize your view is not accepted by professional historians/academics/scholars without belittling/disparaging/attacking them as unprofessional or ignorant.

You don’t have their education or expertise and can’t read the sources in the original language as they can. We all have opinions and a right to express them, but the Christ myth is considered extremely fringe.

Most people look to experts that are accredited and respected in every field, and stating anonymous that you are equal to these experts is delusional. That being said, no one here has to prove this to you, it’s already accepted. If you choose not to accept it, that’s your pov.

No one is trying to change anyone’s mind about this subject, but it’s always pertinent and responsible to know what experts think and why they think that, and compare their findings with other experts. These experts agree that Christ walked the earth.

You could enter academia and scholarship and gain credibility and credentials so you could enter the ring (where it counts) and change the overwhelming majority position about Jesus historicity. If I felt as strongly about it as many here do, I wouldn’t waste my time arguing with strangers on the internet. Use your knowledge and become a scholar or professor and show the world the truth as you interpret it, get peer reviewed, learn those languages first though.

That didn’t answer my question.

Which “secular” historians are 100% sure about historical Jesus?

Hint: if they are a biblical “scholar” they aren’t secular.

“100% sure” is a fake standard

No ancient figure meets it.

If you insist on 100%, you must also deny Socrates and Alexander the Great

Historians don’t operate that way.

Biblical scholar doesn’t mean religious. “Biblical studies” is a textual-historical field, like classics. Many scholars in it do not believe the Bible is inspired.

Excluding them is like saying:
“Classicists can’t study Caesar because they read Latin texts about him.”

At some point, rejecting every qualified expert just becomes a philosophical choice, not a historical argument.

So how certain are they then? 99%? 80% “absolutely certain”? “Most likely”?

Someone who has spent their entire life studying the Bible is not an independent, secular historian.

How certain are the independent, secular historians?

If you don’t agree with the scholars and academics and historians, that’s your pov.

Anyone who reads this thread can make their own decision. I am not trying to convince anyone of anything, but the consensus among scholars/academics/historians is unequivocal. The people who reject it (which is their right) are considered fringe and a distinct minority.

This thread has run its course because it isn’t about a historical fact, it’s about people who have a need to debate or argue.

You say that you trust professional opinions.

Why don’t you value the professional opinion of independent historians?

These are the independent historians who you agree with:

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.


If there are any more, list them and their qualifications. There might be some I don’t know about. It’s important to list their educational backgrounds and qualifications.

So the consensus for independent historians is that Jesus was a myth?

Can you tell us what other independent historians you read believe that Jesus was mythical? And list their education, experience, field of study, etc?

An independent scholar is someone who conducts serious academic-level research without being formally employed by a university, college, or research institution.

An independent scholar typically:
-Has advanced training (often a PhD or equivalent background, though not always)
-Engages deeply with primary sources and existing scholarship
-Publishes or presents work (books, articles, lectures, essays)
-Follows recognized scholarly methods in their field
-Is not currently a tenure-track professor or institutional researcher

They may be: retired academics, researchers who left academia, writers, theologians, historians, or scientists working on their own. The also can be people excluded from academia for financial, political, or personal reasons


Legitimate use of the term:To describe someone doing real scholarship without institutional affiliation.

Example:

“She’s an independent scholar specializing in early Christian texts.”

This can be entirely respectable.

Usage of “independent scholar” as a rhetorical shield—>

Sometimes it’s used to bypass peer review or criticism, implying:

“I’m outside the system, therefore more honest.”

That’s not automatically true.

Being outside institutions can mean more freedom and fewer conflicts of interest.

But it can also mean less accountability
and weaker methodological discipline.

So independence is a condition, not a credential.


The key test (this cuts through the noise)

The real question is never:

“Are they an independent scholar?”

It’s:

“Do other knowledgeable experts take their work seriously?”

Good signs that an independent scholar is legit: citations by other scholars, engagement (even critical) in academic journals, clear sourcing and reasoning.

Red flags: They claim there is a systematic conspiracy against “real truth.” They dismiss of credentialed experts as corrupt. Their appeal is to independence instead of evidence.

How do we evaluate independent scholars?

What are they working with? Do they engage primary sources?

Good signs: Original texts, documents, data, manuscripts. Direct quotations with citations. Acknowledges translation issues or data limits.

Red flags: Mostly secondary summaries.
Vague references (“ancient sources say…”). Heavy reliance on popular books or YouTube

Show do they handle disagreement? Do they engage opposing views fairly?
Good signs: Accurately states mainstream positions. Responds to the strongest counterarguments. Admits uncertainty where evidence is thin.

Red flags: Dismisses critics as “biased,” “brainwashed,” or “afraid”. Claims everyone else is wrong. Never concedes a point.

Do they use method — or vibes? Is there a recognizable scholarly method?

Good signs: Explains how conclusions are reached. Uses field-specific tools (textual criticism, historiography, statistics, etc.).
Separates evidence from interpretation.

Red flags: Jumps from evidence → sweeping conclusions. Uses intuition, pattern-spotting, or “common sense” as proof. Changes standards mid-argument.

Are they accountable to anyone? Does their work face informed scrutiny?

Good signs: Published by reputable presses or journals. Invited to academic conferences or panels. Other scholars cite or critique their work seriously.

Red flags: Only self-published. Audience is mainly followers or fans. Claims peer review is corrupt in principle.

How do they use the word “independent”?

This is a big tell.

Legitimate use: “I’m independent, so I don’t have institutional affiliation — here’s my evidence.”

Weaponized use: “I’m independent, therefore more honest than all credentialed scholars.”

If independence is the argument, that’s a problem.

Watch for psychological markers

These aren’t about belief — they’re about posture.

Healthy scholar posture:
Curious
Precise
Willing to revise
Calm under challenge

Ideological posture:
Defensive
Combative
Absolutist
Frames disagreement as moral failure

Final gut-check question, ask yourself:

“If this person were wrong, how would they find out?”If the answer is they couldn’t —
that’s not scholarship. That’s a closed system.

Bottom-line rule—> Independence removes affiliation, not responsibility. Real scholars — independent or not —
earn credibility through method, evidence, and engagement, not labels.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:Re-upping to see if our historicity defender will actually come back and engage in a real discussion and not cower away in other threads and make claims without the full context of the arguments.

If you think your position is true, why be afraid to engage?

Write a scholarly paper if you think the mainstream view of secular historians is wrong.

Which “secular historians”? Are you the PP who doesn’t know what secular means?

No, it's the PP who knows when the person who's responding to them is trying to be insulting.

So which “secular historians”?

The overwhelming consensus among professional historians, biblical scholars, and experts in ancient history is that Jesus of Nazareth was a real historical figure—a 1st-century Jewish preacher from Galilee who was baptized by John the Baptist and crucified under Pontius Pilate.     

This view is held by scholars across the spectrum, including Christians, atheists, agnostics, Jews, and others, based on evidence from early Christian texts (like Paul’s letters, which reference Jesus as a human who had a brother and was executed), the Gospels (treated as biographical traditions with historical cores), and non-Christian sources like the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus.  

The idea that Jesus was entirely mythical (known as the “Christ myth theory” or Jesus mythicism) is a fringe position, rejected as pseudoscholarship or methodologically flawed by virtually all experts in the field for over a century—it has no traction in peer-reviewed journals, academic handbooks, or mainstream historical discourse.   

There are a small handful of individuals with academic credentials in relevant fields (such as ancient history, biblical studies, or religious studies) who argue against Jesus’ historicity or express strong agnosticism about it. These are outliers, often criticized by peers for relying on arguments from silence, selective interpretations of sources, superficial parallels to pagan myths (e.g., Horus or Mithras), and outdated methodologies that don’t align with standard historical criteria like multiple attestation or embarrassment.

Many mythicists lack institutional affiliations or come from outside core disciplines like classics or New Testament studies, and their work is often self-published or appears in non-academic venues. Even proponents like Richard Carrier (a mythicist himself) acknowledge that only a tiny fraction of qualified scholars hold this view, estimating around a dozen who outright doubt historicity or are agnostic, with others merely saying it’s “plausible” to debate but not endorsing it.

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.

Emphasis here: you are welcome to your own research and opinion on this topic or any topic, but you should also recognize your view is not accepted by professional historians/academics/scholars without belittling/disparaging/attacking them as unprofessional or ignorant.

You don’t have their education or expertise and can’t read the sources in the original language as they can. We all have opinions and a right to express them, but the Christ myth is considered extremely fringe.

Most people look to experts that are accredited and respected in every field, and stating anonymous that you are equal to these experts is delusional. That being said, no one here has to prove this to you, it’s already accepted. If you choose not to accept it, that’s your pov.

No one is trying to change anyone’s mind about this subject, but it’s always pertinent and responsible to know what experts think and why they think that, and compare their findings with other experts. These experts agree that Christ walked the earth.

You could enter academia and scholarship and gain credibility and credentials so you could enter the ring (where it counts) and change the overwhelming majority position about Jesus historicity. If I felt as strongly about it as many here do, I wouldn’t waste my time arguing with strangers on the internet. Use your knowledge and become a scholar or professor and show the world the truth as you interpret it, get peer reviewed, learn those languages first though.

That didn’t answer my question.

Which “secular” historians are 100% sure about historical Jesus?

Hint: if they are a biblical “scholar” they aren’t secular.

“100% sure” is a fake standard

No ancient figure meets it.

If you insist on 100%, you must also deny Socrates and Alexander the Great

Historians don’t operate that way.

Biblical scholar doesn’t mean religious. “Biblical studies” is a textual-historical field, like classics. Many scholars in it do not believe the Bible is inspired.

Excluding them is like saying:
“Classicists can’t study Caesar because they read Latin texts about him.”

At some point, rejecting every qualified expert just becomes a philosophical choice, not a historical argument.

So how certain are they then? 99%? 80% “absolutely certain”? “Most likely”?

Someone who has spent their entire life studying the Bible is not an independent, secular historian.

How certain are the independent, secular historians?

If you don’t agree with the scholars and academics and historians, that’s your pov.

Anyone who reads this thread can make their own decision. I am not trying to convince anyone of anything, but the consensus among scholars/academics/historians is unequivocal. The people who reject it (which is their right) are considered fringe and a distinct minority.

This thread has run its course because it isn’t about a historical fact, it’s about people who have a need to debate or argue.

You say that you trust professional opinions.

Why don’t you value the professional opinion of independent historians?

These are the independent historians who you agree with:

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.


If there are any more, list them and their qualifications. There might be some I don’t know about. It’s important to list their educational backgrounds and qualifications.

So the consensus for independent historians is that Jesus was a myth?

Can you tell us what other independent historians you read believe that Jesus was mythical? And list their education, experience, field of study, etc?

An independent scholar is someone who conducts serious academic-level research without being formally employed by a university, college, or research institution.

An independent scholar typically:
-Has advanced training (often a PhD or equivalent background, though not always)
-Engages deeply with primary sources and existing scholarship
-Publishes or presents work (books, articles, lectures, essays)
-Follows recognized scholarly methods in their field
-Is not currently a tenure-track professor or institutional researcher

They may be: retired academics, researchers who left academia, writers, theologians, historians, or scientists working on their own. The also can be people excluded from academia for financial, political, or personal reasons


Legitimate use of the term:To describe someone doing real scholarship without institutional affiliation.

Example:

“She’s an independent scholar specializing in early Christian texts.”

This can be entirely respectable.

Usage of “independent scholar” as a rhetorical shield—>

Sometimes it’s used to bypass peer review or criticism, implying:

“I’m outside the system, therefore more honest.”

That’s not automatically true.

Being outside institutions can mean more freedom and fewer conflicts of interest.

But it can also mean less accountability
and weaker methodological discipline.

So independence is a condition, not a credential.


The key test (this cuts through the noise)

The real question is never:

“Are they an independent scholar?”

It’s:

“Do other knowledgeable experts take their work seriously?”

Good signs that an independent scholar is legit: citations by other scholars, engagement (even critical) in academic journals, clear sourcing and reasoning.

Red flags: They claim there is a systematic conspiracy against “real truth.” They dismiss of credentialed experts as corrupt. Their appeal is to independence instead of evidence.

How do we evaluate independent scholars?

What are they working with? Do they engage primary sources?

Good signs: Original texts, documents, data, manuscripts. Direct quotations with citations. Acknowledges translation issues or data limits.

Red flags: Mostly secondary summaries.
Vague references (“ancient sources say…”). Heavy reliance on popular books or YouTube

Show do they handle disagreement? Do they engage opposing views fairly?
Good signs: Accurately states mainstream positions. Responds to the strongest counterarguments. Admits uncertainty where evidence is thin.

Red flags: Dismisses critics as “biased,” “brainwashed,” or “afraid”. Claims everyone else is wrong. Never concedes a point.

Do they use method — or vibes? Is there a recognizable scholarly method?

Good signs: Explains how conclusions are reached. Uses field-specific tools (textual criticism, historiography, statistics, etc.).
Separates evidence from interpretation.

Red flags: Jumps from evidence → sweeping conclusions. Uses intuition, pattern-spotting, or “common sense” as proof. Changes standards mid-argument.

Are they accountable to anyone? Does their work face informed scrutiny?

Good signs: Published by reputable presses or journals. Invited to academic conferences or panels. Other scholars cite or critique their work seriously.

Red flags: Only self-published. Audience is mainly followers or fans. Claims peer review is corrupt in principle.

How do they use the word “independent”?

This is a big tell.

Legitimate use: “I’m independent, so I don’t have institutional affiliation — here’s my evidence.”

Weaponized use: “I’m independent, therefore more honest than all credentialed scholars.”

If independence is the argument, that’s a problem.

Watch for psychological markers

These aren’t about belief — they’re about posture.

Healthy scholar posture:
Curious
Precise
Willing to revise
Calm under challenge

Ideological posture:
Defensive
Combative
Absolutist
Frames disagreement as moral failure

Final gut-check question, ask yourself:

“If this person were wrong, how would they find out?”If the answer is they couldn’t —
that’s not scholarship. That’s a closed system.

Bottom-line rule—> Independence removes affiliation, not responsibility. Real scholars — independent or not —
earn credibility through method, evidence, and engagement, not labels.

AI rationalization for why you DGAF about the opinion of independent, secular historians.

Yes, I’m sure you agree with all of the biblical scholars you’ve read.

Why bother looking outside the comic book?

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:Re-upping to see if our historicity defender will actually come back and engage in a real discussion and not cower away in other threads and make claims without the full context of the arguments.

If you think your position is true, why be afraid to engage?

Write a scholarly paper if you think the mainstream view of secular historians is wrong.

Which “secular historians”? Are you the PP who doesn’t know what secular means?

No, it's the PP who knows when the person who's responding to them is trying to be insulting.

So which “secular historians”?

The overwhelming consensus among professional historians, biblical scholars, and experts in ancient history is that Jesus of Nazareth was a real historical figure—a 1st-century Jewish preacher from Galilee who was baptized by John the Baptist and crucified under Pontius Pilate.     

This view is held by scholars across the spectrum, including Christians, atheists, agnostics, Jews, and others, based on evidence from early Christian texts (like Paul’s letters, which reference Jesus as a human who had a brother and was executed), the Gospels (treated as biographical traditions with historical cores), and non-Christian sources like the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus.  

The idea that Jesus was entirely mythical (known as the “Christ myth theory” or Jesus mythicism) is a fringe position, rejected as pseudoscholarship or methodologically flawed by virtually all experts in the field for over a century—it has no traction in peer-reviewed journals, academic handbooks, or mainstream historical discourse.   

There are a small handful of individuals with academic credentials in relevant fields (such as ancient history, biblical studies, or religious studies) who argue against Jesus’ historicity or express strong agnosticism about it. These are outliers, often criticized by peers for relying on arguments from silence, selective interpretations of sources, superficial parallels to pagan myths (e.g., Horus or Mithras), and outdated methodologies that don’t align with standard historical criteria like multiple attestation or embarrassment.

Many mythicists lack institutional affiliations or come from outside core disciplines like classics or New Testament studies, and their work is often self-published or appears in non-academic venues. Even proponents like Richard Carrier (a mythicist himself) acknowledge that only a tiny fraction of qualified scholars hold this view, estimating around a dozen who outright doubt historicity or are agnostic, with others merely saying it’s “plausible” to debate but not endorsing it.

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.

Emphasis here: you are welcome to your own research and opinion on this topic or any topic, but you should also recognize your view is not accepted by professional historians/academics/scholars without belittling/disparaging/attacking them as unprofessional or ignorant.

You don’t have their education or expertise and can’t read the sources in the original language as they can. We all have opinions and a right to express them, but the Christ myth is considered extremely fringe.

Most people look to experts that are accredited and respected in every field, and stating anonymous that you are equal to these experts is delusional. That being said, no one here has to prove this to you, it’s already accepted. If you choose not to accept it, that’s your pov.

No one is trying to change anyone’s mind about this subject, but it’s always pertinent and responsible to know what experts think and why they think that, and compare their findings with other experts. These experts agree that Christ walked the earth.

You could enter academia and scholarship and gain credibility and credentials so you could enter the ring (where it counts) and change the overwhelming majority position about Jesus historicity. If I felt as strongly about it as many here do, I wouldn’t waste my time arguing with strangers on the internet. Use your knowledge and become a scholar or professor and show the world the truth as you interpret it, get peer reviewed, learn those languages first though.

That didn’t answer my question.

Which “secular” historians are 100% sure about historical Jesus?

Hint: if they are a biblical “scholar” they aren’t secular.

“100% sure” is a fake standard

No ancient figure meets it.

If you insist on 100%, you must also deny Socrates and Alexander the Great

Historians don’t operate that way.

Biblical scholar doesn’t mean religious. “Biblical studies” is a textual-historical field, like classics. Many scholars in it do not believe the Bible is inspired.

Excluding them is like saying:
“Classicists can’t study Caesar because they read Latin texts about him.”

At some point, rejecting every qualified expert just becomes a philosophical choice, not a historical argument.

So how certain are they then? 99%? 80% “absolutely certain”? “Most likely”?

Someone who has spent their entire life studying the Bible is not an independent, secular historian.

How certain are the independent, secular historians?

If you don’t agree with the scholars and academics and historians, that’s your pov.

Anyone who reads this thread can make their own decision. I am not trying to convince anyone of anything, but the consensus among scholars/academics/historians is unequivocal. The people who reject it (which is their right) are considered fringe and a distinct minority.

This thread has run its course because it isn’t about a historical fact, it’s about people who have a need to debate or argue.

You say that you trust professional opinions.

Why don’t you value the professional opinion of independent historians?

These are the independent historians who you agree with:

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.


If there are any more, list them and their qualifications. There might be some I don’t know about. It’s important to list their educational backgrounds and qualifications.

So the consensus for independent historians is that Jesus was a myth?

No, the pp gave you a list of independent historians that agree with your premise. That doesn’t mean all independent historians agree with them.

My premise? I haven’t shared any “premise”.

We are discussing professional opinions.

It’s very telling that the PP doesn’t share professional opinions from independent historians.

I have twice listed every independent historian that believes Christ is a myth, including the important facts about their education and field of study.

Do you have a list of independent scholars/historians, list their credentials and education, and share their opinion?

You should be able to do that, I have already posted the independent scholars/historians I am familiar with.

The floor is yours.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:Re-upping to see if our historicity defender will actually come back and engage in a real discussion and not cower away in other threads and make claims without the full context of the arguments.

If you think your position is true, why be afraid to engage?

Write a scholarly paper if you think the mainstream view of secular historians is wrong.

Which “secular historians”? Are you the PP who doesn’t know what secular means?

No, it's the PP who knows when the person who's responding to them is trying to be insulting.

So which “secular historians”?

The overwhelming consensus among professional historians, biblical scholars, and experts in ancient history is that Jesus of Nazareth was a real historical figure—a 1st-century Jewish preacher from Galilee who was baptized by John the Baptist and crucified under Pontius Pilate.     

This view is held by scholars across the spectrum, including Christians, atheists, agnostics, Jews, and others, based on evidence from early Christian texts (like Paul’s letters, which reference Jesus as a human who had a brother and was executed), the Gospels (treated as biographical traditions with historical cores), and non-Christian sources like the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus.  

The idea that Jesus was entirely mythical (known as the “Christ myth theory” or Jesus mythicism) is a fringe position, rejected as pseudoscholarship or methodologically flawed by virtually all experts in the field for over a century—it has no traction in peer-reviewed journals, academic handbooks, or mainstream historical discourse.   

There are a small handful of individuals with academic credentials in relevant fields (such as ancient history, biblical studies, or religious studies) who argue against Jesus’ historicity or express strong agnosticism about it. These are outliers, often criticized by peers for relying on arguments from silence, selective interpretations of sources, superficial parallels to pagan myths (e.g., Horus or Mithras), and outdated methodologies that don’t align with standard historical criteria like multiple attestation or embarrassment.

Many mythicists lack institutional affiliations or come from outside core disciplines like classics or New Testament studies, and their work is often self-published or appears in non-academic venues. Even proponents like Richard Carrier (a mythicist himself) acknowledge that only a tiny fraction of qualified scholars hold this view, estimating around a dozen who outright doubt historicity or are agnostic, with others merely saying it’s “plausible” to debate but not endorsing it.

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.

Emphasis here: you are welcome to your own research and opinion on this topic or any topic, but you should also recognize your view is not accepted by professional historians/academics/scholars without belittling/disparaging/attacking them as unprofessional or ignorant.

You don’t have their education or expertise and can’t read the sources in the original language as they can. We all have opinions and a right to express them, but the Christ myth is considered extremely fringe.

Most people look to experts that are accredited and respected in every field, and stating anonymous that you are equal to these experts is delusional. That being said, no one here has to prove this to you, it’s already accepted. If you choose not to accept it, that’s your pov.

No one is trying to change anyone’s mind about this subject, but it’s always pertinent and responsible to know what experts think and why they think that, and compare their findings with other experts. These experts agree that Christ walked the earth.

You could enter academia and scholarship and gain credibility and credentials so you could enter the ring (where it counts) and change the overwhelming majority position about Jesus historicity. If I felt as strongly about it as many here do, I wouldn’t waste my time arguing with strangers on the internet. Use your knowledge and become a scholar or professor and show the world the truth as you interpret it, get peer reviewed, learn those languages first though.

That didn’t answer my question.

Which “secular” historians are 100% sure about historical Jesus?

Hint: if they are a biblical “scholar” they aren’t secular.

“100% sure” is a fake standard

No ancient figure meets it.

If you insist on 100%, you must also deny Socrates and Alexander the Great

Historians don’t operate that way.

Biblical scholar doesn’t mean religious. “Biblical studies” is a textual-historical field, like classics. Many scholars in it do not believe the Bible is inspired.

Excluding them is like saying:
“Classicists can’t study Caesar because they read Latin texts about him.”

At some point, rejecting every qualified expert just becomes a philosophical choice, not a historical argument.

So how certain are they then? 99%? 80% “absolutely certain”? “Most likely”?

Someone who has spent their entire life studying the Bible is not an independent, secular historian.

How certain are the independent, secular historians?

If you don’t agree with the scholars and academics and historians, that’s your pov.

Anyone who reads this thread can make their own decision. I am not trying to convince anyone of anything, but the consensus among scholars/academics/historians is unequivocal. The people who reject it (which is their right) are considered fringe and a distinct minority.

This thread has run its course because it isn’t about a historical fact, it’s about people who have a need to debate or argue.

You say that you trust professional opinions.

Why don’t you value the professional opinion of independent historians?

These are the independent historians who you agree with:

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.


If there are any more, list them and their qualifications. There might be some I don’t know about. It’s important to list their educational backgrounds and qualifications.

So the consensus for independent historians is that Jesus was a myth?

Can you tell us what other independent historians you read believe that Jesus was mythical? And list their education, experience, field of study, etc?

An independent scholar is someone who conducts serious academic-level research without being formally employed by a university, college, or research institution.

An independent scholar typically:
-Has advanced training (often a PhD or equivalent background, though not always)
-Engages deeply with primary sources and existing scholarship
-Publishes or presents work (books, articles, lectures, essays)
-Follows recognized scholarly methods in their field
-Is not currently a tenure-track professor or institutional researcher

They may be: retired academics, researchers who left academia, writers, theologians, historians, or scientists working on their own. The also can be people excluded from academia for financial, political, or personal reasons


Legitimate use of the term:To describe someone doing real scholarship without institutional affiliation.

Example:

“She’s an independent scholar specializing in early Christian texts.”

This can be entirely respectable.

Usage of “independent scholar” as a rhetorical shield—>

Sometimes it’s used to bypass peer review or criticism, implying:

“I’m outside the system, therefore more honest.”

That’s not automatically true.

Being outside institutions can mean more freedom and fewer conflicts of interest.

But it can also mean less accountability
and weaker methodological discipline.

So independence is a condition, not a credential.


The key test (this cuts through the noise)

The real question is never:

“Are they an independent scholar?”

It’s:

“Do other knowledgeable experts take their work seriously?”

Good signs that an independent scholar is legit: citations by other scholars, engagement (even critical) in academic journals, clear sourcing and reasoning.

Red flags: They claim there is a systematic conspiracy against “real truth.” They dismiss of credentialed experts as corrupt. Their appeal is to independence instead of evidence.

How do we evaluate independent scholars?

What are they working with? Do they engage primary sources?

Good signs: Original texts, documents, data, manuscripts. Direct quotations with citations. Acknowledges translation issues or data limits.

Red flags: Mostly secondary summaries.
Vague references (“ancient sources say…”). Heavy reliance on popular books or YouTube

Show do they handle disagreement? Do they engage opposing views fairly?
Good signs: Accurately states mainstream positions. Responds to the strongest counterarguments. Admits uncertainty where evidence is thin.

Red flags: Dismisses critics as “biased,” “brainwashed,” or “afraid”. Claims everyone else is wrong. Never concedes a point.

Do they use method — or vibes? Is there a recognizable scholarly method?

Good signs: Explains how conclusions are reached. Uses field-specific tools (textual criticism, historiography, statistics, etc.).
Separates evidence from interpretation.

Red flags: Jumps from evidence → sweeping conclusions. Uses intuition, pattern-spotting, or “common sense” as proof. Changes standards mid-argument.

Are they accountable to anyone? Does their work face informed scrutiny?

Good signs: Published by reputable presses or journals. Invited to academic conferences or panels. Other scholars cite or critique their work seriously.

Red flags: Only self-published. Audience is mainly followers or fans. Claims peer review is corrupt in principle.

How do they use the word “independent”?

This is a big tell.

Legitimate use: “I’m independent, so I don’t have institutional affiliation — here’s my evidence.”

Weaponized use: “I’m independent, therefore more honest than all credentialed scholars.”

If independence is the argument, that’s a problem.

Watch for psychological markers

These aren’t about belief — they’re about posture.

Healthy scholar posture:
Curious
Precise
Willing to revise
Calm under challenge

Ideological posture:
Defensive
Combative
Absolutist
Frames disagreement as moral failure

Final gut-check question, ask yourself:

“If this person were wrong, how would they find out?”If the answer is they couldn’t —
that’s not scholarship. That’s a closed system.

Bottom-line rule—> Independence removes affiliation, not responsibility. Real scholars — independent or not —
earn credibility through method, evidence, and engagement, not labels.

AI rationalization for why you DGAF about the opinion of independent, secular historians.

Yes, I’m sure you agree with all of the biblical scholars you’ve read.

Why bother looking outside the comic book?

Can you list the independent secular historians and scholars you know of that believe Christ is a myth? I’ve asked at least 2 posters to do so and haven’t received a response.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:Re-upping to see if our historicity defender will actually come back and engage in a real discussion and not cower away in other threads and make claims without the full context of the arguments.

If you think your position is true, why be afraid to engage?

Write a scholarly paper if you think the mainstream view of secular historians is wrong.

Which “secular historians”? Are you the PP who doesn’t know what secular means?

No, it's the PP who knows when the person who's responding to them is trying to be insulting.

So which “secular historians”?

The overwhelming consensus among professional historians, biblical scholars, and experts in ancient history is that Jesus of Nazareth was a real historical figure—a 1st-century Jewish preacher from Galilee who was baptized by John the Baptist and crucified under Pontius Pilate.     

This view is held by scholars across the spectrum, including Christians, atheists, agnostics, Jews, and others, based on evidence from early Christian texts (like Paul’s letters, which reference Jesus as a human who had a brother and was executed), the Gospels (treated as biographical traditions with historical cores), and non-Christian sources like the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus.  

The idea that Jesus was entirely mythical (known as the “Christ myth theory” or Jesus mythicism) is a fringe position, rejected as pseudoscholarship or methodologically flawed by virtually all experts in the field for over a century—it has no traction in peer-reviewed journals, academic handbooks, or mainstream historical discourse.   

There are a small handful of individuals with academic credentials in relevant fields (such as ancient history, biblical studies, or religious studies) who argue against Jesus’ historicity or express strong agnosticism about it. These are outliers, often criticized by peers for relying on arguments from silence, selective interpretations of sources, superficial parallels to pagan myths (e.g., Horus or Mithras), and outdated methodologies that don’t align with standard historical criteria like multiple attestation or embarrassment.

Many mythicists lack institutional affiliations or come from outside core disciplines like classics or New Testament studies, and their work is often self-published or appears in non-academic venues. Even proponents like Richard Carrier (a mythicist himself) acknowledge that only a tiny fraction of qualified scholars hold this view, estimating around a dozen who outright doubt historicity or are agnostic, with others merely saying it’s “plausible” to debate but not endorsing it.

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.

Emphasis here: you are welcome to your own research and opinion on this topic or any topic, but you should also recognize your view is not accepted by professional historians/academics/scholars without belittling/disparaging/attacking them as unprofessional or ignorant.

You don’t have their education or expertise and can’t read the sources in the original language as they can. We all have opinions and a right to express them, but the Christ myth is considered extremely fringe.

Most people look to experts that are accredited and respected in every field, and stating anonymous that you are equal to these experts is delusional. That being said, no one here has to prove this to you, it’s already accepted. If you choose not to accept it, that’s your pov.

No one is trying to change anyone’s mind about this subject, but it’s always pertinent and responsible to know what experts think and why they think that, and compare their findings with other experts. These experts agree that Christ walked the earth.

You could enter academia and scholarship and gain credibility and credentials so you could enter the ring (where it counts) and change the overwhelming majority position about Jesus historicity. If I felt as strongly about it as many here do, I wouldn’t waste my time arguing with strangers on the internet. Use your knowledge and become a scholar or professor and show the world the truth as you interpret it, get peer reviewed, learn those languages first though.

That didn’t answer my question.

Which “secular” historians are 100% sure about historical Jesus?

Hint: if they are a biblical “scholar” they aren’t secular.

“100% sure” is a fake standard

No ancient figure meets it.

If you insist on 100%, you must also deny Socrates and Alexander the Great

Historians don’t operate that way.

Biblical scholar doesn’t mean religious. “Biblical studies” is a textual-historical field, like classics. Many scholars in it do not believe the Bible is inspired.

Excluding them is like saying:
“Classicists can’t study Caesar because they read Latin texts about him.”

At some point, rejecting every qualified expert just becomes a philosophical choice, not a historical argument.

So how certain are they then? 99%? 80% “absolutely certain”? “Most likely”?

Someone who has spent their entire life studying the Bible is not an independent, secular historian.

How certain are the independent, secular historians?

If you don’t agree with the scholars and academics and historians, that’s your pov.

Anyone who reads this thread can make their own decision. I am not trying to convince anyone of anything, but the consensus among scholars/academics/historians is unequivocal. The people who reject it (which is their right) are considered fringe and a distinct minority.

This thread has run its course because it isn’t about a historical fact, it’s about people who have a need to debate or argue.

You say that you trust professional opinions.

Why don’t you value the professional opinion of independent historians?

These are the independent historians who you agree with:

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.


If there are any more, list them and their qualifications. There might be some I don’t know about. It’s important to list their educational backgrounds and qualifications.

So the consensus for independent historians is that Jesus was a myth?

No, the pp gave you a list of independent historians that agree with your premise. That doesn’t mean all independent historians agree with them.

+1 it seems like several posters are waiting for another poster to make a list for them, they are not responding in any meaningful manner except to insult others.

[Anonymous]

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:Re-upping to see if our historicity defender will actually come back and engage in a real discussion and not cower away in other threads and make claims without the full context of the arguments.

If you think your position is true, why be afraid to engage?

Write a scholarly paper if you think the mainstream view of secular historians is wrong.

Which “secular historians”? Are you the PP who doesn’t know what secular means?

No, it's the PP who knows when the person who's responding to them is trying to be insulting.

So which “secular historians”?

The overwhelming consensus among professional historians, biblical scholars, and experts in ancient history is that Jesus of Nazareth was a real historical figure—a 1st-century Jewish preacher from Galilee who was baptized by John the Baptist and crucified under Pontius Pilate.     

This view is held by scholars across the spectrum, including Christians, atheists, agnostics, Jews, and others, based on evidence from early Christian texts (like Paul’s letters, which reference Jesus as a human who had a brother and was executed), the Gospels (treated as biographical traditions with historical cores), and non-Christian sources like the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus.  

The idea that Jesus was entirely mythical (known as the “Christ myth theory” or Jesus mythicism) is a fringe position, rejected as pseudoscholarship or methodologically flawed by virtually all experts in the field for over a century—it has no traction in peer-reviewed journals, academic handbooks, or mainstream historical discourse.   

There are a small handful of individuals with academic credentials in relevant fields (such as ancient history, biblical studies, or religious studies) who argue against Jesus’ historicity or express strong agnosticism about it. These are outliers, often criticized by peers for relying on arguments from silence, selective interpretations of sources, superficial parallels to pagan myths (e.g., Horus or Mithras), and outdated methodologies that don’t align with standard historical criteria like multiple attestation or embarrassment.

Many mythicists lack institutional affiliations or come from outside core disciplines like classics or New Testament studies, and their work is often self-published or appears in non-academic venues. Even proponents like Richard Carrier (a mythicist himself) acknowledge that only a tiny fraction of qualified scholars hold this view, estimating around a dozen who outright doubt historicity or are agnostic, with others merely saying it’s “plausible” to debate but not endorsing it.

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.

Emphasis here: you are welcome to your own research and opinion on this topic or any topic, but you should also recognize your view is not accepted by professional historians/academics/scholars without belittling/disparaging/attacking them as unprofessional or ignorant.

You don’t have their education or expertise and can’t read the sources in the original language as they can. We all have opinions and a right to express them, but the Christ myth is considered extremely fringe.

Most people look to experts that are accredited and respected in every field, and stating anonymous that you are equal to these experts is delusional. That being said, no one here has to prove this to you, it’s already accepted. If you choose not to accept it, that’s your pov.

No one is trying to change anyone’s mind about this subject, but it’s always pertinent and responsible to know what experts think and why they think that, and compare their findings with other experts. These experts agree that Christ walked the earth.

You could enter academia and scholarship and gain credibility and credentials so you could enter the ring (where it counts) and change the overwhelming majority position about Jesus historicity. If I felt as strongly about it as many here do, I wouldn’t waste my time arguing with strangers on the internet. Use your knowledge and become a scholar or professor and show the world the truth as you interpret it, get peer reviewed, learn those languages first though.

That didn’t answer my question.

Which “secular” historians are 100% sure about historical Jesus?

Hint: if they are a biblical “scholar” they aren’t secular.

“100% sure” is a fake standard

No ancient figure meets it.

If you insist on 100%, you must also deny Socrates and Alexander the Great

Historians don’t operate that way.

Biblical scholar doesn’t mean religious. “Biblical studies” is a textual-historical field, like classics. Many scholars in it do not believe the Bible is inspired.

Excluding them is like saying:
“Classicists can’t study Caesar because they read Latin texts about him.”

At some point, rejecting every qualified expert just becomes a philosophical choice, not a historical argument.

So how certain are they then? 99%? 80% “absolutely certain”? “Most likely”?

Someone who has spent their entire life studying the Bible is not an independent, secular historian.

How certain are the independent, secular historians?

If you don’t agree with the scholars and academics and historians, that’s your pov.

Anyone who reads this thread can make their own decision. I am not trying to convince anyone of anything, but the consensus among scholars/academics/historians is unequivocal. The people who reject it (which is their right) are considered fringe and a distinct minority.

This thread has run its course because it isn’t about a historical fact, it’s about people who have a need to debate or argue.

You say that you trust professional opinions.

Why don’t you value the professional opinion of independent historians?

These are the independent historians who you agree with:

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.


If there are any more, list them and their qualifications. There might be some I don’t know about. It’s important to list their educational backgrounds and qualifications.

So the consensus for independent historians is that Jesus was a myth?

No, the pp gave you a list of independent historians that agree with your premise. That doesn’t mean all independent historians agree with them.

My premise? I haven’t shared any “premise”.

We are discussing professional opinions.

It’s very telling that the PP doesn’t share professional opinions from independent historians.

I have twice listed every independent historian that believes Christ is a myth, including the important facts about their education and field of study.

Do you have a list of independent scholars/historians, list their credentials and education, and share their opinion?

You should be able to do that, I have already posted the independent scholars/historians I am familiar with.

The floor is yours.

So the only independent scholars/historians you know believe Jesus was a myth?

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Anonymous wrote:Re-upping to see if our historicity defender will actually come back and engage in a real discussion and not cower away in other threads and make claims without the full context of the arguments.

If you think your position is true, why be afraid to engage?

Write a scholarly paper if you think the mainstream view of secular historians is wrong.

Which “secular historians”? Are you the PP who doesn’t know what secular means?

No, it's the PP who knows when the person who's responding to them is trying to be insulting.

So which “secular historians”?

The overwhelming consensus among professional historians, biblical scholars, and experts in ancient history is that Jesus of Nazareth was a real historical figure—a 1st-century Jewish preacher from Galilee who was baptized by John the Baptist and crucified under Pontius Pilate.     

This view is held by scholars across the spectrum, including Christians, atheists, agnostics, Jews, and others, based on evidence from early Christian texts (like Paul’s letters, which reference Jesus as a human who had a brother and was executed), the Gospels (treated as biographical traditions with historical cores), and non-Christian sources like the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus.  

The idea that Jesus was entirely mythical (known as the “Christ myth theory” or Jesus mythicism) is a fringe position, rejected as pseudoscholarship or methodologically flawed by virtually all experts in the field for over a century—it has no traction in peer-reviewed journals, academic handbooks, or mainstream historical discourse.   

There are a small handful of individuals with academic credentials in relevant fields (such as ancient history, biblical studies, or religious studies) who argue against Jesus’ historicity or express strong agnosticism about it. These are outliers, often criticized by peers for relying on arguments from silence, selective interpretations of sources, superficial parallels to pagan myths (e.g., Horus or Mithras), and outdated methodologies that don’t align with standard historical criteria like multiple attestation or embarrassment.

Many mythicists lack institutional affiliations or come from outside core disciplines like classics or New Testament studies, and their work is often self-published or appears in non-academic venues. Even proponents like Richard Carrier (a mythicist himself) acknowledge that only a tiny fraction of qualified scholars hold this view, estimating around a dozen who outright doubt historicity or are agnostic, with others merely saying it’s “plausible” to debate but not endorsing it.

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.

Emphasis here: you are welcome to your own research and opinion on this topic or any topic, but you should also recognize your view is not accepted by professional historians/academics/scholars without belittling/disparaging/attacking them as unprofessional or ignorant.

You don’t have their education or expertise and can’t read the sources in the original language as they can. We all have opinions and a right to express them, but the Christ myth is considered extremely fringe.

Most people look to experts that are accredited and respected in every field, and stating anonymous that you are equal to these experts is delusional. That being said, no one here has to prove this to you, it’s already accepted. If you choose not to accept it, that’s your pov.

No one is trying to change anyone’s mind about this subject, but it’s always pertinent and responsible to know what experts think and why they think that, and compare their findings with other experts. These experts agree that Christ walked the earth.

You could enter academia and scholarship and gain credibility and credentials so you could enter the ring (where it counts) and change the overwhelming majority position about Jesus historicity. If I felt as strongly about it as many here do, I wouldn’t waste my time arguing with strangers on the internet. Use your knowledge and become a scholar or professor and show the world the truth as you interpret it, get peer reviewed, learn those languages first though.

That didn’t answer my question.

Which “secular” historians are 100% sure about historical Jesus?

Hint: if they are a biblical “scholar” they aren’t secular.

“100% sure” is a fake standard

No ancient figure meets it.

If you insist on 100%, you must also deny Socrates and Alexander the Great

Historians don’t operate that way.

Biblical scholar doesn’t mean religious. “Biblical studies” is a textual-historical field, like classics. Many scholars in it do not believe the Bible is inspired.

Excluding them is like saying:
“Classicists can’t study Caesar because they read Latin texts about him.”

At some point, rejecting every qualified expert just becomes a philosophical choice, not a historical argument.

So how certain are they then? 99%? 80% “absolutely certain”? “Most likely”?

Someone who has spent their entire life studying the Bible is not an independent, secular historian.

How certain are the independent, secular historians?

If you don’t agree with the scholars and academics and historians, that’s your pov.

Anyone who reads this thread can make their own decision. I am not trying to convince anyone of anything, but the consensus among scholars/academics/historians is unequivocal. The people who reject it (which is their right) are considered fringe and a distinct minority.

This thread has run its course because it isn’t about a historical fact, it’s about people who have a need to debate or argue.

You say that you trust professional opinions.

Why don’t you value the professional opinion of independent historians?

These are the independent historians who you agree with:

Richard Carrier (PhD in ancient history from Columbia University): An independent scholar and full mythicist who argues Jesus was a celestial being mythologized into a historical figure, using Bayesian probability to claim a low likelihood of historicity. His work, like On the Historicity of Jesus (2014), has undergone peer review but is widely dismissed by mainstream scholars call his work deeply flawed. Richard is a professional historian by training, but his mythicist stance is considered fringe.

Robert M. Price (PhDs in systematic theology and New Testament from Drew University): A former Baptist pastor and independent scholar who views Jesus as a composite of myths and archetypes, with the Gospels as allegorical fiction. Books like The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems (2011) promote this, but peers regard it as outside scholarly norms. He qualifies as a professional in biblical studies, though his views are not taken seriously in academia.

Thomas L. Thompson (PhD in biblical studies from the University of Tübingen; professor emeritus at the University of Copenhagen): A biblical minimalist who expresses agnosticism or skepticism, arguing Jesus (like David) draws from Near Eastern myths without warrant for historicity. Works like The Messiah Myth (2005) support this, but he’s more focused on Old Testament and doesn’t fully deny a possible historical kernel.    He is a respected professional in his field, but his Jesus-related skepticism is fringe.

Raphael Lataster (PhD in religious studies from the University of Sydney): An independent scholar and lecturer who leans mythicist or agnostic, claiming evidence for historicity is probabilistically weak. His Questioning the Historicity of Jesus (2019) is peer-reviewed, but critics see it as unconvincing. He has professional credentials, but his position remains marginal.

Thomas Brodie (PhD in biblical studies from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas; retired Dominican priest and scholar): Argues the Gospels are fictional rewritings of Old Testament stories, with Jesus as a composite myth. His memoir Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus (2012) outlines this, but it’s not widely accepted. He is a professional biblical scholar, though his mythicist turn is atypical.

George A. Wells (philosophy background, deceased; later softened to agnosticism) or Earl Doherty (no relevant PhD), lack strong credentials in ancient history or are amateurs.   

In short, yes, these individuals are “truly professionals” in the sense of having advanced degrees and some publishing history in related fields, but their mythicist views are not credible to the broader academic community—often likened to flat-earth theories or young-earth creationism in terms of evidential support.


If there are any more, list them and their qualifications. There might be some I don’t know about. It’s important to list their educational backgrounds and qualifications.

So the consensus for independent historians is that Jesus was a myth?

No, the pp gave you a list of independent historians that agree with your premise. That doesn’t mean all independent historians agree with them.

+1 it seems like several posters are waiting for another poster to make a list for them, they are not responding in any meaningful manner except to insult others.

How is it “insulting” to ask for unbiased sources?

Yes, we know that people who have studied the Bible their entire lives will likely believe it to be true.

The topic is historicity so we should be looking to the unbiased historians.