Based on kids I know very well going to Penn and Duke as likely econ majors, info from several econ graduates from both institutions, and from my own interpretation (based on being in this field myself), here is my take (sorry about the length).
Penn econ is very far removed from Wharton. Most Wharton classes don't even qualify as pre-requisites or requirements for Econ major. An econ major can of course choose to "minor" from Wharton and take courses there. The Econ dept in Penn appears to be rather "traditional" and quant-oriented. Pre-requisites for intermediate macro and micro include a sequence of tough math courses that most kids cannot test out of. The sequence of courses is pretty tight and traditional. Penn also offers the option of being a Math Econ major, which is even more quantitative and a great signal for top PhD econ programs. Some kids minor in public policy, in which Penn has a decent reputation. Econ students (as well as other students in CAS and Wharton alike) could also consider getting deep into Penn's amazing courses offered in behavioral sciences. At the cutting edge of economics, there are overlaps with behavioral sciences that some kids really like.
Duke econ seems to be almost as rigorous in terms of what kids study and learn, with a strong quant component. However, the sequence of courses seems a little more "progressive" and flexible, which is a good thing. Duke also has more well-known faculty than Penn in some areas of applied econ, like development economics. The public policy school in Duke is pretty great. Research opportunities with grad students and faculty are ample and often used by serious undergrad students. In the economics field, the grad dept of Duke is regarded very highly for empirical applied research.
In summary, both offer an excellent, well-regarded, rigorous education for econ majors. While Duke has the edge on public policy (as a minor, or double major with econ) Penn offers the option of Wharton-based minors, math econ, and behavioral sciences. Both also offer kids the opportunity to be introduced early to stat packages (Stata, R) that are commonly used by companies and researchers alike. Both programs prepare undergrads very well for (and is highly regarded by) top PhD econ programs. The rigor of the courses should also make the students attractive to many employers, esp those who are looking for quant and stat skills and solid grounding in econ. Most kids who are planning to go to econ grad school do an undergrad thesis and/or gain significant research experience, for which there are plenty of opportunities.
I don't have well-formed views on school spirit, how friendly people are and so on. My sense from the kids I know is that Duke has excellent school spirit, due to the combination of it being somewhat isolated (compared to Penn) in a small town, the basketball team, and the general vibe of being a sort of a fun place. Penn students I know appreciate it for being an urban (regardless of the crime) campus and what the city offers, the "pre-professional " vibe, highly active and diverse clubs, and a pretty tight student body with close friends across the different school. In my view, the "fun" quotient should be the least important factor in choosing where to spend $80k+/year, and a distant second to academic "fit" with interests Both schools offer ample opportunities to party, I hear, although most students who want to do well in rigorous majors may not have a lot of time to avail of those.
In both schools, there are probably plenty of stressed kids among econ majors, since grading tends to be tough for most courses. Generally, for econ majors in T20 programs, a certain amount of facility (doesn't have to be a genius) with math and stat is a good predictor for success and less stress. Unlike how the average person thinks about "math", the math for econ - esp. at the undergrad level - is less about calculus and more about comfort and quickness with algebra, graphs and so on. It's about being able to think mathematically and translate concepts and problems to expressions and equations, as opposed to solving difficult differential equations or optimization problems.
Bottom line, both are great places for these majors. You child is lucky to be in a position to make this choice. Good luck.
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