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[quote=Anonymous]Here’s another recent study on cognitive effects of ADHD stimulants:

Stimulant prescription-only drugs are increasingly used by employees and students as “smart drugs,” to enhance workplace or academic productivity (1–4). However, even if there is a subjective belief that these drugs are effective as cognitive enhancers in healthy individuals, evidence to support this assumption is, at best, ambiguous (5).

Using the knapsack optimization problem as a stylized representation of difficulty in tasks encountered in daily life, we discover that methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil cause knapsack value attained in the task to diminish significantly compared to placebo, even if the chance of finding the optimal solution (~50%) is not reduced significantly. Effort (decision time and number of steps taken to find a solution) increases significantly, but productivity (quality of effort) decreases significantly. At the same time, productivity differences across participants decrease, even reverse, to the extent that above-average performers end up below average and vice versa.

Our findings suggest that “smart drugs” increase motivation, but a reduction in quality of effort, crucial to solve complex problems, annuls this effect.

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.add4165
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