The Dad Privilege Checklist

Anonymous
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:Is this the new replacement for the mommy wars? Now we can talk about how “household labor inequality is abuse”?


If you think the conversation about an unequal division of labor in households is "new" then welcome to society from the rock you've been living under.


No, it’s the new replacement for the divisive mommy wars. But just like the mommy wars between WOHM and SAHM, so many of these complaints come back to choices. Women can now make more choices about working/staying home, which is the point of feminism, and they can also make choices about what they do for their household and how things are shared with their partner. And of course, they can make choices about who they marry or partner with.

Make your own choices. Make better choices.



No, that wasn't the point of feminism. The point of feminism was to get equal financial footing, including equal pay. It had zero to do with making a "choice" between working and staying home. This is a popular misconception/appropriation of what the women's liberation movement was about.


NP. Flat out wrong. Feminism is about choices.


No, that's some derivative post-feminist bullshit by people who've co-opted the original goals. True feminists would say not all choices are valid (including "choosing" to stay at home and be subservient to a man, economically speaking).

"Choice feminism" is a thing, sure. But's kind of like "cafeteria Catholics."



“Do as I say or you are not a feminist!”

What a joke.
Anonymous
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:Is this the new replacement for the mommy wars? Now we can talk about how “household labor inequality is abuse”?


If you think the conversation about an unequal division of labor in households is "new" then welcome to society from the rock you've been living under.


No, it’s the new replacement for the divisive mommy wars. But just like the mommy wars between WOHM and SAHM, so many of these complaints come back to choices. Women can now make more choices about working/staying home, which is the point of feminism, and they can also make choices about what they do for their household and how things are shared with their partner. And of course, they can make choices about who they marry or partner with.

Make your own choices. Make better choices.



No, that wasn't the point of feminism. The point of feminism was to get equal financial footing, including equal pay. It had zero to do with making a "choice" between working and staying home. This is a popular misconception/appropriation of what the women's liberation movement was about.


NP. Flat out wrong. Feminism is about choices.


No, that's some derivative post-feminist bullshit by people who've co-opted the original goals. True feminists would say not all choices are valid (including "choosing" to stay at home and be subservient to a man, economically speaking).

"Choice feminism" is a thing, sure. But's kind of like "cafeteria Catholics."



Which is bs. Sounds like “true feminists” don’t think women can make their own choices. That they must be told which choices are valid.


Exactly, this version of feminism warps into shaming other women for lifestyle choices they simply don’t agree with.


They're fine with women making the choices, they just don't think they're feminist choices. They're individual choices but do not further feminism overall.
Anonymous
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:Is this the new replacement for the mommy wars? Now we can talk about how “household labor inequality is abuse”?


If you think the conversation about an unequal division of labor in households is "new" then welcome to society from the rock you've been living under.


No, it’s the new replacement for the divisive mommy wars. But just like the mommy wars between WOHM and SAHM, so many of these complaints come back to choices. Women can now make more choices about working/staying home, which is the point of feminism, and they can also make choices about what they do for their household and how things are shared with their partner. And of course, they can make choices about who they marry or partner with.

Make your own choices. Make better choices.



No, that wasn't the point of feminism. The point of feminism was to get equal financial footing, including equal pay. It had zero to do with making a "choice" between working and staying home. This is a popular misconception/appropriation of what the women's liberation movement was about.


NP. Flat out wrong. Feminism is about choices.


No, that's some derivative post-feminist bullshit by people who've co-opted the original goals. True feminists would say not all choices are valid (including "choosing" to stay at home and be subservient to a man, economically speaking).

"Choice feminism" is a thing, sure. But's kind of like "cafeteria Catholics."



Which is bs. Sounds like “true feminists” don’t think women can make their own choices. That they must be told which choices are valid.


Exactly, this version of feminism warps into shaming other women for lifestyle choices they simply don’t agree with.


You're only saying what your personal definition of "feminism" is -- the problem is, there are actual academic definitions of feminism, and a common understanding of what the term means -- and your personal definition isn't aligned with them.
Anonymous
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:Find it here: https://zawn.substack.com/p/the-dad-privilege-checklist

Please read the checklist and return for a conversation about it. I want to hear from others about their own experiences with coparenting their children with the children's dad.



Honestly, this is trope stacked on top of trope and is really some lazy thinking by someone heavily invested in martyred mothering (just note the name of the substack -- "Liberating Motherhood" -- this thing comes at this with an axe to grind and part of the business model is to stoke outrage; it's not dissimilar from right-wing news media like Fox or Newsmax in that regard.) The article itself incredibly lazy thinking that borrows the language of liberation theology for cynical purposes, and I'm going to hazard a guess that the "checklist" is just a crowdsourced list of grievances from women with a similar mindset. In other words, I don't think the author has any original thoughts on the matter.

This is not to say some individual items on the list aren't valid phenomena -- I have definitely been approached by women at the playground when I was out with my toddlers and praised for being a great dad and giving mom a "break," for example, but I've also been approached by women keen on "helping" me because they assumed by these women to be incompetent because I have a penis). So, this isn't really dad "privilege" so much as it is a recounting of various stereotypes that are harmful to both women AND men. It's kind of like the dumb, clueless dad trope you used to see in advertising (and thankfully don't see so much anymore, that ridiculous car commercial where the dad gets the wrong binky notwithstanding).

So, I'm not going to say "not all men." I'm going to say "hardly any men" fit this list of "privilege." (Another co-opted term intended to provoke a response, natch).

Let's just look at the first two:

I know that someone else will register my children for school.

I know that someone else will know the signs of developmental disabilities and mental health issues in my children.


I guess we're assume that these things are exclusively the mom's domain? But I don't think that's true in any family I know of. I will say that same as women are known to approach dads at playgrounds and either praise or offer to help them, schools similarly default to contacting the mom, nevermind the fact that most dads are perfectly competent and capable caregivers.

I know of NO families where the presence of developmental disabilities or mental health issues are unilateral concerns for just mom.

The third one on the list about giving birth was first the clue to me that this was a crowdsourced list -- it's just dripping with contempt and doesn't make sense.

The next two:

My partner will be judged for my parenting shortcomings.

I don’t have to worry about school supplies because someone else will do it for me.


I guess it's true that men, in general, don't give a shit what other people think so wouldn't fret about being "judged." That's not "privilege," however. That's just a case of having self-confidence. To the degree women have more insecurities and worry about what other people think, that's a woman problem (and probably an individual one), not some broader indictment of men; everyone should carry on without caring what other people think, much less caring if someone else is "judging."

The school supplies thing is just stupid -- we always did back-to-school shopping as a family and there were plenty of dads doing the same when we were at Staples or whatever.

The men I know make doctors appointments and take their kids to doctors. They cook. They plan birthday parties (granted, these birthday parties might not be the elaborate affairs some martyr moms might feel like they need to have so they don't feel judged, but that, again, is a woman problem, it's not "dad privilege."). They plan trips and pack their children for them. They chaperone school field trips. In fact, they do most of these things on this list except things they're physically incapable of, such as giving birth or breastfeeding. But they do, in fact, pick up the slack when their partners DO those physical things, the contemptuous tone of the bulleted list items notwithstanding.

So, I guess what I'm saying is I dispute the very premise of the article. I understand it was written to try to rile up women feeling resentful about things. But objectively, the insinuation that men don't do the things on this (ridiculously long, crow-sourced list) is unsupported by facts, except for some things that might fall more into the bucket of "emotional labor," which takes us back to those conversations since, at the end of the day, there are some things some moms care a lot more about than most dads -- and most of those are grounded in <checks notes> fear of "being judged" or other anxieties that men, generally, don't have.

Is not having that anxiety "dad privilege?" I suppose you could make the case. But, honestly, moms didn't have that anxiety for most millennia. If the supposition here is that men should start caring about these things that give moms anxiety (fear of being judged...) that's arguably stupid. Misery loves company, sure... But maybe, just maybe, women should take a page from the attitude most dads have and stop obsessing so much about things that don't matter in the long run.


A+


I wonder how the PP can’t read how he starts out with “yes isn’t it funny how I get praised for doing these tiny, basic, fun parenting things” but concludes the reason he doesn’t feel judged is because of his superior male ability not to feel judgment. When in reality men don’t feel that judgement because IT IS NOT DIRECTED AT THEM. When things go badly the mother is blamed and responsible for fixing it.

I have a kid with special needs and I have been told over and over by men, women, strangers, teachers family members that my child’s issues are because of my parenting or would disappear if I just did x. My husband is subjected to 0 percent of that. Literally 0. I know it’s BS and it’s easier to shake off now we have the diagnosis but let me tell you this is real. Even the doctors will do it. Meanwhile my husband is a saint for showing up for field day.

So no men are not better at not caring about what others think. They are lucky enough that no one expects anything of them so they never get judged. I have eventually grown a super thick skin to advocate for my kid and I probably care less what anyone thinks of me than any dad now but it was a painful process to get here.
Anonymous
Freud had a name for this. A type of envy
Anonymous
95 percent of this list applies to my husband. and he's a nice guy. But there are many more expectations of women than men. And he's autistic/adhd so a lot of this falls to me
Anonymous
I’m incredibly organized and detail oriented with a job that gives me great flexibility. Handling the parenting detail is pretty easy for me. My husband has a very big job with long hours but he is great father and husband. When he’s home he is all in and is alway busy doing tons of things not on that list. He handles many things I don’t even think about because he just does them. I do many things he doesn’t have to think about. It works! If I shared that list with him he’d ask if I was trying to start a fight which we never have!
Anonymous
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:Is this the new replacement for the mommy wars? Now we can talk about how “household labor inequality is abuse”?


If you think the conversation about an unequal division of labor in households is "new" then welcome to society from the rock you've been living under.


No, it’s the new replacement for the divisive mommy wars. But just like the mommy wars between WOHM and SAHM, so many of these complaints come back to choices. Women can now make more choices about working/staying home, which is the point of feminism, and they can also make choices about what they do for their household and how things are shared with their partner. And of course, they can make choices about who they marry or partner with.

Make your own choices. Make better choices.



No, that wasn't the point of feminism. The point of feminism was to get equal financial footing, including equal pay. It had zero to do with making a "choice" between working and staying home. This is a popular misconception/appropriation of what the women's liberation movement was about.


NP. Flat out wrong. Feminism is about choices.


No, that's some derivative post-feminist bullshit by people who've co-opted the original goals. True feminists would say not all choices are valid (including "choosing" to stay at home and be subservient to a man, economically speaking).

"Choice feminism" is a thing, sure. But's kind of like "cafeteria Catholics."



Feminism was never about equality; it was always about supremacy.
Anonymous
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:I agree a lot of this list is super condescending but there’s some real truth to it. In my marriage, and the marriage of most of my friends the saying “he does his best and I do the rest” is 100 percent the case. It’s not that the dads don’t do anything, it’s that they view virtually everything as optional or extra credit. If my husband gets busy at work or wants to travel, he does that. If one of our kids has extra needs, that’s a problem mom will solve regardless of whether she also works or what else she has going on. My husband is not a bad guy and will laugh about both our moms raving how wonderful he is for taking a child to a physical (scheduled by mom, Who is at work and needs to be there because she handled the sick days last week because dad “can’t” reschedule any meetings) but he is still totally guilty of kicking anything hard or inconvenient to me. He knows that I will always always always find a way to do the things I think are important for the kids so he can just say “I can’t” guilt free.

Also this one reminded me of DCUM:
If I do a task incorrectly, people will tell my partner to praise me for trying.


Totally agree. "He does his best and I do the rest" is absolutely how my marriage and those of pretty much all my friends work. "His best" can vary a bit, but I only know one marriage where I genuinely think the dad is the primary parent and is doing "the rest" and he's a SAHD and his wife is an executive and they have one kid.

I think this is the dirty secret of most dual income couples. It looks pretty equal from the outside -- both partners work, they say the right things, dad is visibly doing stuff like taking kids to activities, cooking, seems engaged. But if you open things up and really look at what is happening, dad is taking kids to activities that mom (who also works) researched, arranged, and provided dad with the schedule for. Dad is cooking but so is mom, and mom is also thinking a week ahead to when her MIL is in town and suggesting they make and freeze an extra casserole so they have a quick dinner for the night she arrives. Mom doesn't always seem engaged, because she's exhausted and has a laundry list of things in her head to keep track of (including laundry).

But the veneer of "things are pretty equal!" is there because it's easier on everyone's ego and it keeps the ship afloat. You could nag and nitpick dad to death but he's never, ever going to do as much as mom. Ever. If you don't want to ruin your marriage and get a divorce, which most of us don't, you just accept the inequity and move on. But it's unequal. Very, very unequal.


“I’m oppressed because DH doesn’t think a week ahead to freeze a casserole for MIL” isn’t quite the own you think it is. That is you concerned about appearances and looking on top of things lest MIL judge you.


Such a great example. Yet what happens when MIL arrives at dinner time on a Tuesday? Has “DH” come home early from work to tidy the house, make up the guest bed, then figured out a nice dinner that allows MIL to feel welcomed while DIL isn’t overly stressed? Lololol. I think we ALL know the answer to that one. Here’s how it really goes:

(Saturday) DW, my mom wants to come stay for a few nights on Tuesday. Is that ok?

DW: of course! your mom is always welcome.

DW: OK, Tuesday I have that presentation at 2 so I won’t have any time to get the house ready on Monday. I think I can get home Tuesday around 5 - that gives me an hour or so to tidy up and put clean sheets on the guest bed. But that doesn’t leave time to make dinner. I think I could put a lasagna together today so I can pop it in the oven Tuesday. Do you think you can do pickup and dropoff on Tuesday so I can make that work?

DH: Why do you have to do any of that? Mom just wants to see the kids, she doesn’t care.

DW: Well the guest bed sheets haven’t been changed since your brother stayed here, the house will be messy, and we do need to eat dinner. I’d like to have something a bit nicer than frozen meatballs for your mom.

DH: Why do you make up all this stuff? None of that needs to be done.



So what? He says something ridiculous. That’s not “male privilege,” that’s just stupidity, Conversation continues:

DW: “ha! I’m definitely not making up basic rules of sanitation. Can you do pick up kids or not, because we will have to reschedule with your mom if you can’t”


It is male privilege that you think it's normal and fine for a husband to make basic household planning hard, for his OWN mother to visit, because he's "stupid."

Male privilege = men getting to be stupid all the time and expecting women to patiently explain stuff to them.



I make things hard too sometimes. Your husband never patiently explains anything to you? I’ve rarely met a couple without complementary areas of knowledge. But some women seem to think it is a great imposition.

Also, if he were a bachelor, he wouldn’t have cleaned for his OWN mother. In the back of his mind, he’s thinking this is important to YOU, and you’re not concerned at all that it’s not important to HIM. Why not do things his way? THAT is female privilege: the ability to whine that any differing opinion is an example of MALE privilege and somehow is oppressive to you. You don’t want a partner with his own opinion, or with negotiating power, you want him just to say “yes dear.”
Which is why, usually, husband complains and then picks up the kids.
Anonymous
Anonymous wrote:95 percent of this list applies to my husband. and he's a nice guy. But there are many more expectations of women than men. And he's autistic/adhd so a lot of this falls to me


Would say at least 75% applies to my husband and he’s not Autistic. But I and he both get told constantly what a “great dad” he is and how “lucky” I am. And he is and I am. And still, it sucks to be the one doing all the list things.
Anonymous
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:Find it here: https://zawn.substack.com/p/the-dad-privilege-checklist

Please read the checklist and return for a conversation about it. I want to hear from others about their own experiences with coparenting their children with the children's dad.



Honestly, this is trope stacked on top of trope and is really some lazy thinking by someone heavily invested in martyred mothering (just note the name of the substack -- "Liberating Motherhood" -- this thing comes at this with an axe to grind and part of the business model is to stoke outrage; it's not dissimilar from right-wing news media like Fox or Newsmax in that regard.) The article itself incredibly lazy thinking that borrows the language of liberation theology for cynical purposes, and I'm going to hazard a guess that the "checklist" is just a crowdsourced list of grievances from women with a similar mindset. In other words, I don't think the author has any original thoughts on the matter.

This is not to say some individual items on the list aren't valid phenomena -- I have definitely been approached by women at the playground when I was out with my toddlers and praised for being a great dad and giving mom a "break," for example, but I've also been approached by women keen on "helping" me because they assumed by these women to be incompetent because I have a penis). So, this isn't really dad "privilege" so much as it is a recounting of various stereotypes that are harmful to both women AND men. It's kind of like the dumb, clueless dad trope you used to see in advertising (and thankfully don't see so much anymore, that ridiculous car commercial where the dad gets the wrong binky notwithstanding).

So, I'm not going to say "not all men." I'm going to say "hardly any men" fit this list of "privilege." (Another co-opted term intended to provoke a response, natch).

Let's just look at the first two:

I know that someone else will register my children for school.

I know that someone else will know the signs of developmental disabilities and mental health issues in my children.


I guess we're assume that these things are exclusively the mom's domain? But I don't think that's true in any family I know of. I will say that same as women are known to approach dads at playgrounds and either praise or offer to help them, schools similarly default to contacting the mom, nevermind the fact that most dads are perfectly competent and capable caregivers.

I know of NO families where the presence of developmental disabilities or mental health issues are unilateral concerns for just mom.

The third one on the list about giving birth was first the clue to me that this was a crowdsourced list -- it's just dripping with contempt and doesn't make sense.

The next two:

My partner will be judged for my parenting shortcomings.

I don’t have to worry about school supplies because someone else will do it for me.


I guess it's true that men, in general, don't give a shit what other people think so wouldn't fret about being "judged." That's not "privilege," however. That's just a case of having self-confidence. To the degree women have more insecurities and worry about what other people think, that's a woman problem (and probably an individual one), not some broader indictment of men; everyone should carry on without caring what other people think, much less caring if someone else is "judging."

The school supplies thing is just stupid -- we always did back-to-school shopping as a family and there were plenty of dads doing the same when we were at Staples or whatever.

The men I know make doctors appointments and take their kids to doctors. They cook. They plan birthday parties (granted, these birthday parties might not be the elaborate affairs some martyr moms might feel like they need to have so they don't feel judged, but that, again, is a woman problem, it's not "dad privilege."). They plan trips and pack their children for them. They chaperone school field trips. In fact, they do most of these things on this list except things they're physically incapable of, such as giving birth or breastfeeding. But they do, in fact, pick up the slack when their partners DO those physical things, the contemptuous tone of the bulleted list items notwithstanding.

So, I guess what I'm saying is I dispute the very premise of the article. I understand it was written to try to rile up women feeling resentful about things. But objectively, the insinuation that men don't do the things on this (ridiculously long, crow-sourced list) is unsupported by facts, except for some things that might fall more into the bucket of "emotional labor," which takes us back to those conversations since, at the end of the day, there are some things some moms care a lot more about than most dads -- and most of those are grounded in <checks notes> fear of "being judged" or other anxieties that men, generally, don't have.

Is not having that anxiety "dad privilege?" I suppose you could make the case. But, honestly, moms didn't have that anxiety for most millennia. If the supposition here is that men should start caring about these things that give moms anxiety (fear of being judged...) that's arguably stupid. Misery loves company, sure... But maybe, just maybe, women should take a page from the attitude most dads have and stop obsessing so much about things that don't matter in the long run.


A+


I wonder how the PP can’t read how he starts out with “yes isn’t it funny how I get praised for doing these tiny, basic, fun parenting things” but concludes the reason he doesn’t feel judged is because of his superior male ability not to feel judgment. When in reality men don’t feel that judgement because IT IS NOT DIRECTED AT THEM. When things go badly the mother is blamed and responsible for fixing it.

I have a kid with special needs and I have been told over and over by men, women, strangers, teachers family members that my child’s issues are because of my parenting or would disappear if I just did x. My husband is subjected to 0 percent of that. Literally 0. I know it’s BS and it’s easier to shake off now we have the diagnosis but let me tell you this is real. Even the doctors will do it. Meanwhile my husband is a saint for showing up for field day.

So no men are not better at not caring about what others think. They are lucky enough that no one expects anything of them so they never get judged. I have eventually grown a super thick skin to advocate for my kid and I probably care less what anyone thinks of me than any dad now but it was a painful process to get here.


I guess we read the post differently. I do see an observation that men tend to, in general, give less of a shit what other people think. I don't see anything about their "superior ability not to feel judgment", that's a value lens you've applied that isn't inherently there.

I do agree that clearly more of the judgment is applied towards moms and people feel more free to comment towards moms. I think this could also be in part because people fear men more... if I get in a confrontation with a man, there's a chance he becomes physical... if I get in a confrontation with a woman, worst case it's a yelling match. So people are less willing to comment towards dads. Explains why while I do hear plenty of judgment directed towards dads, it's rarely if ever said to their faces.

I don't think any of this negates PP's observation that in general men also tend to be less bothered by whatever judgment they might receive. I also don't think that trait is necessarily the "superior" one, as you put it.
Anonymous
The list was definitely illuminating. There's a lot of things that don't apply to my family (I would say my husband is honestly better at solo parenting and solo bedtimes than I am)

I do remember one time I asked my husband to do the birthday party invites and boy did he whine and moan about having to copy and paste some some emails from the preschool directory.
Anonymous
The dishes, and so much more, wouldn’t get done if it weren’t for me. Sure mom does some stuff, but when she goes out of town I handle it all just fine and the house is sparkling upon her return. When I go out of town, dishes, laundry, and of course all yard work, are waiting for me. I know many dads who experience the same. We just grind it out and don’t get a martyr complex. This list is complete BS.
Anonymous
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:
Anonymous wrote:Is this the new replacement for the mommy wars? Now we can talk about how “household labor inequality is abuse”?


If you think the conversation about an unequal division of labor in households is "new" then welcome to society from the rock you've been living under.


No, it’s the new replacement for the divisive mommy wars. But just like the mommy wars between WOHM and SAHM, so many of these complaints come back to choices. Women can now make more choices about working/staying home, which is the point of feminism, and they can also make choices about what they do for their household and how things are shared with their partner. And of course, they can make choices about who they marry or partner with.

Make your own choices. Make better choices.



No, that wasn't the point of feminism. The point of feminism was to get equal financial footing, including equal pay. It had zero to do with making a "choice" between working and staying home. This is a popular misconception/appropriation of what the women's liberation movement was about.


NP. Flat out wrong. Feminism is about choices.


No, that's some derivative post-feminist bullshit by people who've co-opted the original goals. True feminists would say not all choices are valid (including "choosing" to stay at home and be subservient to a man, economically speaking).

"Choice feminism" is a thing, sure. But's kind of like "cafeteria Catholics."



Feminism was never about equality; it was always about supremacy.


So true. There was a professor at my college who explained that equality wouldn’t be possible until women had decades of being by themselves in positions of power and men were subordinate. Once they occupied these positions for long enough to eliminate the systemic inequities, then equality would be possible. She was part of a whole school of thought and I’ve encountered it numerous times in my life. Real extremist stuff, but it’s pretty common.
Anonymous
Anonymous wrote:If I clean a portion of the house, I will leave a pile of items that I either do not want to put away, or that I do not know where to put. My partner will put them away.

This is the bullet that broke me. My husband has never done more than 80% of a chore and this bullet sums up how he acts when encountering any object.


Yes. My husband — who really sold himself as a feminist when we married — does not know where anything in this house other than his own belongings go. We have lived here 12 years. He says “it’s not my stuff.” So I guess the kitchen cooking stuff, the food in the pantry, the kids toys are alll….my stuff? About 80% of the stuff on this list applies to him, and the stuff that doesn’t is because I’m just not going to do things like his laundry, his dry-cleaning, presents for his family, holiday cards (although those I did do for the about 10 years).

My brothers, who are older, are actually not this way. I think because we grew up in a house where everyone worked and did chores so that’s their baseline.

Here’s another not added to the list “I do not need to know the names of my kids’ teachers, or anything about those teachers personalities or expectations.”
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