Anonymous wrote:The insanity of race quotas should horrify rationale people. Do you want your neurosurgeon to be the product of generous handicaps in medical school admission? Do you want to be operated on by a doctor who scored 40% lower on their MCAT than other admits but had the right skin color? Ian th at how we should select airplane pilots? AA is absurd and this is the only country in the world that even considers race in admissions.

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:The only surprising thing I’ve seen is how large the handicap afforded to black applicants has been at Harvard.

And rightfully so. Harvard gained some of its prominence and longevity from donations made by individuals who profited from slavery. There were Harvard presidents who were slaveholders.

Some of you don't know anything about the history of how things were in this country and why things appear the way they do today.

Utterly absurd and idiotic take. Countries and societies have the capacity to move on and look forward. The US is the only country that constantly looks back into history to self flagellate over past transgressions. Children today shouldn’t pay for the sins of distant ancestors and as a society we should try to strive for a meritocracy. Giving black applicants a 450 point handicap in 2922 is utterly absurd. Not only does it cast every black admit under the cloud of sun-par credentials but it unnecessarily penalizes white, Asian and Hispanic applicants. Affirmative action is toxic.

Is this what you would say to Jews about the atrocities of the Holocaust? Build a bridge and move on? They shouldn't accept reparaton checks from the German government because it's 2022? Harvard wouldn't be Harvard without slave money. Harvard has admitted as much.

Have the Jewish people en masse asked for reparations or are they putting their nose to the grindstone and absolutely killing it in life on every objective metric? But sure, your strategy of incessant victimhood is working out splendidly so you must be right.

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:wow this is crazy, you can be the 4th lowest decile aa and still be way above asians. crazy no wonder asians feel discriminated

Standardized tests are culturally biased and we're originally implemented by a racist.

If the index was normalized for tests, this alleged disparity ( SFFA is the source of this massaged data) would be much lower.

Anyways, the SAT / ACT impact will continue to diminish over time.

What are Asians and Whites in common but so much different for Blacks? culturally

What biase are we talking about?

What?

DP.. apparently, SATs are culturally bias, hence Black people score lower on SATs. But since Asian Americans score higher on SATs that must mean that they have more in common with white people.

That's the argument. And yes, it's laughable and ignorant.

Then what is your reason for AA people scoring lower?

Go ahead, say it out loud. I dare you. You know you think it. Have some courage and show everyone what you really think.

And that, right there, ladies and gents, is why colleges have the current policy.

not PP, but my guess is that they care less about education and put less effort.
Culturally they may value more in succeeding in the areas such as sports or entertainment industry like being a rapper or singer which are all ok. Nothing is wrong with that.

However if you want to improve on the education area, you have to go to the source of the problema and support and aid them to care more and put more effort in education instead of forcing it to increase the numbers artificially.

You actually did say it out loud! I am shocked! There it is, folks... your open racism of the day. Hope it is the last one you hear today, but unfortunately we are likely to get more.

PP you disgust me. You are repulsive. And also an imbecile. "Educate them more, but don't let them into the best colleges!" Lol.

Why are you mad??

The reason is simple on the surface, you care less and put less effort = lower score.
You care more and put more effort = higher score.

It's most likely a cultural thing. Asians probably care more about education and put more effort.

Seriously, what else could be the reason?

Maybe asians study more for standardized tests because they know they are competing against other asians who have high scores and have to stand out. Maybe the good black and hispanic students know from history that they don't need super high scores in order get multiple acceptances at all the ivies.

Yes. This is what’s so disappointing about AA advocates. They don’t realize that people rise to the standard that is expected of them. Kids respond to incentives just like everyone else. Removing AA at this point in history is going to narrow the achievement gap, not increase it.

So you're saying that Black and Hispanic students choose to do less because they know they will be admitted? Now you just sound stupid.

I don’t think that tone is called for. All I (and the previous poster) are saying is that it’s a matter of degree. Work is costly. If the marginal payout is lower then you do less of it. Nobody is calling anyone lazy, people are smartly responding to incentives. This is why Asians study much much more hours than Blacks and Hispanics.

And that is why the achievement gap will diminish — removing AA increases the marginal benefit of studying for Blacks and reduces it for Asians.

No. That’s not how that works. WTF? Are you trolling?

Sometimes I do troll but this is not one of those times. What’s your objection to this argument?

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:The only surprising thing I’ve seen is how large the handicap afforded to black applicants has been at Harvard.

And rightfully so. Harvard gained some of its prominence and longevity from donations made by individuals who profited from slavery. There were Harvard presidents who were slaveholders.

Some of you don't know anything about the history of how things were in this country and why things appear the way they do today.

Utterly absurd and idiotic take. Countries and societies have the capacity to move on and look forward. The US is the only country that constantly looks back into history to self flagellate over past transgressions. Children today shouldn’t pay for the sins of distant ancestors and as a society we should try to strive for a meritocracy. Giving black applicants a 450 point handicap in 2922 is utterly absurd. Not only does it cast every black admit under the cloud of sun-par credentials but it unnecessarily penalizes white, Asian and Hispanic applicants. Affirmative action is toxic.

Is this what you would say to Jews about the atrocities of the Holocaust? Build a bridge and move on? They shouldn't accept reparaton checks from the German government because it's 2022? Harvard wouldn't be Harvard without slave money. Harvard has admitted as much.

Have the Jewish people en masse asked for reparations or are they putting their nose to the grindstone and absolutely killing it in life on every objective metric? But sure, your strategy of incessant victimhood is working out splendidly so you must be right.

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:wow this is crazy, you can be the 4th lowest decile aa and still be way above asians. crazy no wonder asians feel discriminated

Standardized tests are culturally biased and we're originally implemented by a racist.

If the index was normalized for tests, this alleged disparity ( SFFA is the source of this massaged data) would be much lower.

Anyways, the SAT / ACT impact will continue to diminish over time.

What are Asians and Whites in common but so much different for Blacks? culturally

What biase are we talking about?

What?

DP.. apparently, SATs are culturally bias, hence Black people score lower on SATs. But since Asian Americans score higher on SATs that must mean that they have more in common with white people.

That's the argument. And yes, it's laughable and ignorant.

Then what is your reason for AA people scoring lower?

Go ahead, say it out loud. I dare you. You know you think it. Have some courage and show everyone what you really think.

And that, right there, ladies and gents, is why colleges have the current policy.

not PP, but my guess is that they care less about education and put less effort.
Culturally they may value more in succeeding in the areas such as sports or entertainment industry like being a rapper or singer which are all ok. Nothing is wrong with that.

However if you want to improve on the education area, you have to go to the source of the problema and support and aid them to care more and put more effort in education instead of forcing it to increase the numbers artificially.

You actually did say it out loud! I am shocked! There it is, folks... your open racism of the day. Hope it is the last one you hear today, but unfortunately we are likely to get more.

PP you disgust me. You are repulsive. And also an imbecile. "Educate them more, but don't let them into the best colleges!" Lol.

Why are you mad??

The reason is simple on the surface, you care less and put less effort = lower score.
You care more and put more effort = higher score.

It's most likely a cultural thing. Asians probably care more about education and put more effort.

Seriously, what else could be the reason?

Maybe asians study more for standardized tests because they know they are competing against other asians who have high scores and have to stand out. Maybe the good black and hispanic students know from history that they don't need super high scores in order get multiple acceptances at all the ivies.

Yes. This is what’s so disappointing about AA advocates. They don’t realize that people rise to the standard that is expected of them. Kids respond to incentives just like everyone else. Removing AA at this point in history is going to narrow the achievement gap, not increase it.

So you're saying that Black and Hispanic students choose to do less because they know they will be admitted? Now you just sound stupid.

Athletes may not test prep and take the test again if they have met the index.

My son is an athlete and had a very low score comparably but it was high enough for the Ivy index so he never studied or took it again.

My dd who is asian got 1500 on first try. If she were black or hispanic she would not need to retake. She decided to study over the summer and got 1580 on retake.

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:wow this is crazy, you can be the 4th lowest decile aa and still be way above asians. crazy no wonder asians feel discriminated

Standardized tests are culturally biased and we're originally implemented by a racist.

If the index was normalized for tests, this alleged disparity ( SFFA is the source of this massaged data) would be much lower.

Anyways, the SAT / ACT impact will continue to diminish over time.

What are Asians and Whites in common but so much different for Blacks? culturally

What biase are we talking about?

What?

DP.. apparently, SATs are culturally bias, hence Black people score lower on SATs. But since Asian Americans score higher on SATs that must mean that they have more in common with white people.

That's the argument. And yes, it's laughable and ignorant.

Then what is your reason for AA people scoring lower?

Go ahead, say it out loud. I dare you. You know you think it. Have some courage and show everyone what you really think.

And that, right there, ladies and gents, is why colleges have the current policy.

not PP, but my guess is that they care less about education and put less effort.
Culturally they may value more in succeeding in the areas such as sports or entertainment industry like being a rapper or singer which are all ok. Nothing is wrong with that.

However if you want to improve on the education area, you have to go to the source of the problema and support and aid them to care more and put more effort in education instead of forcing it to increase the numbers artificially.

You actually did say it out loud! I am shocked! There it is, folks... your open racism of the day. Hope it is the last one you hear today, but unfortunately we are likely to get more.

PP you disgust me. You are repulsive. And also an imbecile. "Educate them more, but don't let them into the best colleges!" Lol.

Why are you mad??

The reason is simple on the surface, you care less and put less effort = lower score.
You care more and put more effort = higher score.

It's most likely a cultural thing. Asians probably care more about education and put more effort.

Seriously, what else could be the reason?

Maybe asians study more for standardized tests because they know they are competing against other asians who have high scores and have to stand out. Maybe the good black and hispanic students know from history that they don't need super high scores in order get multiple acceptances at all the ivies.

Yes. This is what’s so disappointing about AA advocates. They don’t realize that people rise to the standard that is expected of them. Kids respond to incentives just like everyone else. Removing AA at this point in history is going to narrow the achievement gap, not increase it.

So you're saying that Black and Hispanic students choose to do less because they know they will be admitted? Now you just sound stupid.

Athletes may not test prep and take the test again if they have met the index.

My son is an athlete and had a very low score comparably but it was high enough for the Ivy index so he never studied or took it again.

My dd who is asian got 1500 on first try. If she were black or hispanic she would not need to retake. She decided to study over the summer and got 1580 on retake.

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:The only surprising thing I’ve seen is how large the handicap afforded to black applicants has been at Harvard.

And rightfully so. Harvard gained some of its prominence and longevity from donations made by individuals who profited from slavery. There were Harvard presidents who were slaveholders.

Some of you don't know anything about the history of how things were in this country and why things appear the way they do today.

Utterly absurd and idiotic take. Countries and societies have the capacity to move on and look forward. The US is the only country that constantly looks back into history to self flagellate over past transgressions. Children today shouldn’t pay for the sins of distant ancestors and as a society we should try to strive for a meritocracy. Giving black applicants a 450 point handicap in 2922 is utterly absurd. Not only does it cast every black admit under the cloud of sun-par credentials but it unnecessarily penalizes white, Asian and Hispanic applicants. Affirmative action is toxic.

Is this what you would say to Jews about the atrocities of the Holocaust? Build a bridge and move on? They shouldn't accept reparaton checks from the German government because it's 2022? Harvard wouldn't be Harvard without slave money. Harvard has admitted as much.

Anonymous wrote:The insanity of race quotas should horrify rationale people. Do you want your neurosurgeon to be the product of generous handicaps in medical school admission? Do you want to be operated on by a doctor who scored 40% lower on their MCAT than other admits but had the right skin color? Ian th at how we should select airplane pilots? AA is absurd and this is the only country in the world that even considers race in admissions.

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:The only surprising thing I’ve seen is how large the handicap afforded to black applicants has been at Harvard.

And rightfully so. Harvard gained some of its prominence and longevity from donations made by individuals who profited from slavery. There were Harvard presidents who were slaveholders.

Some of you don't know anything about the history of how things were in this country and why things appear the way they do today.

Utterly absurd and idiotic take. Countries and societies have the capacity to move on and look forward. The US is the only country that constantly looks back into history to self flagellate over past transgressions. Children today shouldn’t pay for the sins of distant ancestors and as a society we should try to strive for a meritocracy. Giving black applicants a 450 point handicap in 2922 is utterly absurd. Not only does it cast every black admit under the cloud of sun-par credentials but it unnecessarily penalizes white, Asian and Hispanic applicants. Affirmative action is toxic.

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:wow this is crazy, you can be the 4th lowest decile aa and still be way above asians. crazy no wonder asians feel discriminated

Standardized tests are culturally biased and we're originally implemented by a racist.

If the index was normalized for tests, this alleged disparity ( SFFA is the source of this massaged data) would be much lower.

Anyways, the SAT / ACT impact will continue to diminish over time.

What are Asians and Whites in common but so much different for Blacks? culturally

What biase are we talking about?

What?

DP.. apparently, SATs are culturally bias, hence Black people score lower on SATs. But since Asian Americans score higher on SATs that must mean that they have more in common with white people.

That's the argument. And yes, it's laughable and ignorant.

Then what is your reason for AA people scoring lower?

Go ahead, say it out loud. I dare you. You know you think it. Have some courage and show everyone what you really think.

And that, right there, ladies and gents, is why colleges have the current policy.

not PP, but my guess is that they care less about education and put less effort.
Culturally they may value more in succeeding in the areas such as sports or entertainment industry like being a rapper or singer which are all ok. Nothing is wrong with that.

However if you want to improve on the education area, you have to go to the source of the problema and support and aid them to care more and put more effort in education instead of forcing it to increase the numbers artificially.

You actually did say it out loud! I am shocked! There it is, folks... your open racism of the day. Hope it is the last one you hear today, but unfortunately we are likely to get more.

PP you disgust me. You are repulsive. And also an imbecile. "Educate them more, but don't let them into the best colleges!" Lol.

Why are you mad??

The reason is simple on the surface, you care less and put less effort = lower score.
You care more and put more effort = higher score.

It's most likely a cultural thing. Asians probably care more about education and put more effort.

Seriously, what else could be the reason?

Maybe asians study more for standardized tests because they know they are competing against other asians who have high scores and have to stand out. Maybe the good black and hispanic students know from history that they don't need super high scores in order get multiple acceptances at all the ivies.

Yes. This is what’s so disappointing about AA advocates. They don’t realize that people rise to the standard that is expected of them. Kids respond to incentives just like everyone else. Removing AA at this point in history is going to narrow the achievement gap, not increase it.

So you're saying that Black and Hispanic students choose to do less because they know they will be admitted? Now you just sound stupid.

Athletes may not test prep and take the test again if they have met the index.

My son is an athlete and had a very low score comparably but it was high enough for the Ivy index so he never studied or took it again.

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:wow this is crazy, you can be the 4th lowest decile aa and still be way above asians. crazy no wonder asians feel discriminated

Standardized tests are culturally biased and we're originally implemented by a racist.

If the index was normalized for tests, this alleged disparity ( SFFA is the source of this massaged data) would be much lower.

Anyways, the SAT / ACT impact will continue to diminish over time.

What are Asians and Whites in common but so much different for Blacks? culturally

What biase are we talking about?

What?

DP.. apparently, SATs are culturally bias, hence Black people score lower on SATs. But since Asian Americans score higher on SATs that must mean that they have more in common with white people.

That's the argument. And yes, it's laughable and ignorant.

Then what is your reason for AA people scoring lower?

Go ahead, say it out loud. I dare you. You know you think it. Have some courage and show everyone what you really think.

And that, right there, ladies and gents, is why colleges have the current policy.

not PP, but my guess is that they care less about education and put less effort.
Culturally they may value more in succeeding in the areas such as sports or entertainment industry like being a rapper or singer which are all ok. Nothing is wrong with that.

However if you want to improve on the education area, you have to go to the source of the problema and support and aid them to care more and put more effort in education instead of forcing it to increase the numbers artificially.

You actually did say it out loud! I am shocked! There it is, folks... your open racism of the day. Hope it is the last one you hear today, but unfortunately we are likely to get more.

PP you disgust me. You are repulsive. And also an imbecile. "Educate them more, but don't let them into the best colleges!" Lol.

Why are you mad??

The reason is simple on the surface, you care less and put less effort = lower score.
You care more and put more effort = higher score.

It's most likely a cultural thing. Asians probably care more about education and put more effort.

Seriously, what else could be the reason?

Maybe asians study more for standardized tests because they know they are competing against other asians who have high scores and have to stand out. Maybe the good black and hispanic students know from history that they don't need super high scores in order get multiple acceptances at all the ivies.

Yes. This is what’s so disappointing about AA advocates. They don’t realize that people rise to the standard that is expected of them. Kids respond to incentives just like everyone else. Removing AA at this point in history is going to narrow the achievement gap, not increase it.

So you're saying that Black and Hispanic students choose to do less because they know they will be admitted? Now you just sound stupid.

I don’t think that tone is called for. All I (and the previous poster) are saying is that it’s a matter of degree. Work is costly. If the marginal payout is lower then you do less of it. Nobody is calling anyone lazy, people are smartly responding to incentives. This is why Asians study much much more hours than Blacks and Hispanics.

And that is why the achievement gap will diminish — removing AA increases the marginal benefit of studying for Blacks and reduces it for Asians.

No. That’s not how that works. WTF? Are you trolling?

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:I think socio-economic based affirmative action would be a lot more fair than race based. Why isn't that used instead?

Actually it is used at many schools. That’s part of what a holistic evaluation with the goal of getting a diverse class usually includes.

See the linked study on the previous page that low-income Asians will fill most of the seats based on socioeconomic diversity, followed by low-income whites.

And that's a bad thing according to the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education. So, it's not really about being fair to help the disadvantaged

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:wow this is crazy, you can be the 4th lowest decile aa and still be way above asians. crazy no wonder asians feel discriminated

Standardized tests are culturally biased and we're originally implemented by a racist.

If the index was normalized for tests, this alleged disparity ( SFFA is the source of this massaged data) would be much lower.

Anyways, the SAT / ACT impact will continue to diminish over time.

What are Asians and Whites in common but so much different for Blacks? culturally

What biase are we talking about?

What?

DP.. apparently, SATs are culturally bias, hence Black people score lower on SATs. But since Asian Americans score higher on SATs that must mean that they have more in common with white people.

That's the argument. And yes, it's laughable and ignorant.

Then what is your reason for AA people scoring lower?

Go ahead, say it out loud. I dare you. You know you think it. Have some courage and show everyone what you really think.

And that, right there, ladies and gents, is why colleges have the current policy.

not PP, but my guess is that they care less about education and put less effort.
Culturally they may value more in succeeding in the areas such as sports or entertainment industry like being a rapper or singer which are all ok. Nothing is wrong with that.

However if you want to improve on the education area, you have to go to the source of the problema and support and aid them to care more and put more effort in education instead of forcing it to increase the numbers artificially.

You actually did say it out loud! I am shocked! There it is, folks... your open racism of the day. Hope it is the last one you hear today, but unfortunately we are likely to get more.

PP you disgust me. You are repulsive. And also an imbecile. "Educate them more, but don't let them into the best colleges!" Lol.

Why are you mad??

The reason is simple on the surface, you care less and put less effort = lower score.
You care more and put more effort = higher score.

It's most likely a cultural thing. Asians probably care more about education and put more effort.

Seriously, what else could be the reason?

Maybe asians study more for standardized tests because they know they are competing against other asians who have high scores and have to stand out. Maybe the good black and hispanic students know from history that they don't need super high scores in order get multiple acceptances at all the ivies.

Yes. This is what’s so disappointing about AA advocates. They don’t realize that people rise to the standard that is expected of them. Kids respond to incentives just like everyone else. Removing AA at this point in history is going to narrow the achievement gap, not increase it.

So you're saying that Black and Hispanic students choose to do less because they know they will be admitted? Now you just sound stupid.

I don’t think that tone is called for. All I (and the previous poster) are saying is that it’s a matter of degree. Work is costly. If the marginal payout is lower then you do less of it. Nobody is calling anyone lazy, people are smartly responding to incentives. This is why Asians study much much more hours than Blacks and Hispanics.

And that is why the achievement gap will diminish — removing AA increases the marginal benefit of studying for Blacks and reduces it for Asians.

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:

Anonymous wrote:wow this is crazy, you can be the 4th lowest decile aa and still be way above asians. crazy no wonder asians feel discriminated

Standardized tests are culturally biased and we're originally implemented by a racist.

If the index was normalized for tests, this alleged disparity ( SFFA is the source of this massaged data) would be much lower.

Anyways, the SAT / ACT impact will continue to diminish over time.

What are Asians and Whites in common but so much different for Blacks? culturally

What biase are we talking about?

What?

DP.. apparently, SATs are culturally bias, hence Black people score lower on SATs. But since Asian Americans score higher on SATs that must mean that they have more in common with white people.

That's the argument. And yes, it's laughable and ignorant.

Then what is your reason for AA people scoring lower?

Go ahead, say it out loud. I dare you. You know you think it. Have some courage and show everyone what you really think.

And that, right there, ladies and gents, is why colleges have the current policy.

not PP, but my guess is that they care less about education and put less effort.
Culturally they may value more in succeeding in the areas such as sports or entertainment industry like being a rapper or singer which are all ok. Nothing is wrong with that.

However if you want to improve on the education area, you have to go to the source of the problema and support and aid them to care more and put more effort in education instead of forcing it to increase the numbers artificially.

You actually did say it out loud! I am shocked! There it is, folks... your open racism of the day. Hope it is the last one you hear today, but unfortunately we are likely to get more.

PP you disgust me. You are repulsive. And also an imbecile. "Educate them more, but don't let them into the best colleges!" Lol.

Why are you mad??

The reason is simple on the surface, you care less and put less effort = lower score.
You care more and put more effort = higher score.

It's most likely a cultural thing. Asians probably care more about education and put more effort.

Seriously, what else could be the reason?

Maybe asians study more for standardized tests because they know they are competing against other asians who have high scores and have to stand out. Maybe the good black and hispanic students know from history that they don't need super high scores in order get multiple acceptances at all the ivies.

Yes. This is what’s so disappointing about AA advocates. They don’t realize that people rise to the standard that is expected of them. Kids respond to incentives just like everyone else. Removing AA at this point in history is going to narrow the achievement gap, not increase it.