Wow these conversations are extremely interesting. I'm a third generation African-American educator from the Midwest. I also have a degree in History.
Couple of things people need to check out:
the idea of voluntary vs. involuntary immigrants.
http://faculty.washington.edu/rsoder/EDUC310/OgbuSimonsvoluntaryinvoluntary.pdf
Eugene Robinson's "Dis-integration" which does an excellent job of describing how many AAs have fared over the last few decades and why, though from his experiences and studies, not necessarily through the use of data.
The differences in Asian subcultures in the US (no they are not all the same)
http://www.searac.org/sites/default/files/SEARAC%20Education%20State%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20CA%20-%20FINAL.pdf
Generational success of immigrants
First vs Second
http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/02/07/second-generation-americans/
and
http://nbclatino.com/2012/09/11/study-first-generation-immigrant-children-do-better-in-school-than-us-born-kids/
and on African immigrants
http://www2.bgsu.edu/offices/mc/news/2008/news48744.html
I also want people to remind themselves that while slavery ended 150 years ago, peonage was legal for another 50. Legal segregation, almost another 100. Denial of voting rights, another 100. Interracial marriage was illegal until 1967. I started school in the 70's after a lot of legal fights led to busing. Whites fled the schools. I finished high school in the early 90's. We still had white counselors telling us and our parents we weren't going to college. The school where my mom taught had numerous race riots. This wasn't that long ago. The laws have changed, but the mindsets of many (as evidenced by the comments here) haven't.
I've read about Finland's system. Largely homogenous, socialized and tracked (some allowed the college track, others vocational). Also noticed that Finland sends books to the families of newborns...If we're lucky here in the US, we get a congratulatory note from the President. Their population is also about twice that of the city of Chicago, though smaller than its metro area. Its certainly an apples and oranges argument.