I have lived in Baltimore, have since moved away. Here are neighborhoods I would recommend exploring and some related resources:
1.
https://livebaltimore.com/ - They are a non-profit that manages homebuying incentives for the city; offers workshops and tours of neighborhoods and guides individuals through the various neighborhood options. There is a lot of info about schools on their website, and Kim Wiggins is the point person/expert on this (a map of school zones are here:
https://livebaltimore.com/resident-resources/schools/).
2. Neighborhoods I would explore include Reservoir Hill (adjacent to Bolton Hill, similarly beautiful large/historic homes. Not as walkable as other neighborhoods, but extremely neighborly. There's lots of families with young children. Check out Dovecote Cafe which is a really beautiful, black-owned cafe in this neighborhoood:
http://dovecotecafe.com/). Another one worth looking into is Pigtown. Very affordable; there's a wonderful new bookstore there called Charm City Books and as well as a number of other anchor businesses that have continued to thrive.
https://www.charmcitybooks.com/. Lastly, along the NE Corridor: Lauraville/Hamilton and further north towards Cedonia. This area is also quite diverse, with many Black middle class families. There are a few walkable, charming streets of the neighborhoods; the houses are gorgeous (large, single family with yards and greenery). There's a number of school options here too - including a montessori, I believe. Koko's pub is known for crabcakes; Red Canoe for children's books; Zeke's Coffee is headquartered here.
3. Among the neighborhoods you mention, here are my thoughts: Federal Hill, Canton and Butchers Hill all have a lot of nice, walkable retail, but also a "preppy" vibe. Highlandtown is great -- it is a predominantly Hispanic community these days, with a strong art scene supported by the local CDC (community development corporation) - they also have a fun basement bar "tour" each year. Patterson Park is adjacent and is a huge asset, and the library is wonderful. Abell has wonderful architecture and tightknit, with an annual neighborhood festival; an active neighborhood association, and adjacent to lots of amenities including the 32nd St Farmers Market and lots of small businesses nearby (my favorites are Peabody Brewery, a co-op; Book Thing for free(!) books; Local Color Flowers; Normal Records; Bird in Hand for books/cafe). The only possible negative is that the "zoned" school has a weaker reputation, but I also think this is improving. It's generally a safe neighborhood as it's adjacent to the Hopkins Homewood campus. I don't personally love Little Italy - it has lost much of its authenticity, but that's of course my opinion. Fells Point is both walkable to a lot of amenities (and the waterfront) and quite diverse. The re-development of Perkins Homes will have an impact on this area - this is a huge project. But people here complain about parking and the houses are more compact than other neighborhoods.
Good luck!!