What is different in Missouri from the local jurisdictions is how government policy has very deliberately created a lot of small jurisdictions that amplify access and forms of read-lining and funding problems.
They just don't have county schools like Fairfax and Montgomery, they have these mini systems that would be like Rockville, Potomac, Bethesda, Tackoma, Langley Park all being separate systems. When they tried to merge these systems the white population, including the white democrat that is currently governor actively fought integration.
Also the funding in Missouri is very inequitable. This was put out by Fordham, a fairly conservative think tank.
http://edexcellence.net/articles/nuance-is-complicated-but-sometimes-it-matters?utm_source=Fordham+Updates&utm_campaign=3e4d946c85-20150809_LateLateBell8_7_2015&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d9e8246adf-3e4d946c85-70502573
For instance, compare New Jersey to Missouri. Figure 1 provides a side-by-side comparison, with local revenue on the y-axis and state revenue on the x-axis. While New Jersey provides more funding to districts with lower local revenue, Missouri provides more funding to districts with greater local revenue—and in case you believe that high-poverty districts are raising large amounts of local funding, the size and color of each bubble represent poverty rates. The highest-poverty districts in Missouri trend toward the bottom of the scatter, meaning they receive less local revenue per pupil but not necessarily more state dollars. Whereas in New Jersey, high-poverty districts trend toward the lower-right side, with low local but high state revenue.