Anonymous wrote:Geneticist here.
Yes, metabolism is partly inherited, which means that weight is too. You can take after your father or your mother.
"Partly" being the key word here. With appropriate nutrition, people can slim down. Developing good eating habits as a child is WAY MORE important than exercise, especially as modern Americans understand exercise (structured, in a gym, or at an extra-curricular activity). This is because Life comes in the way of that type of exercise, but train good eating habits, and you keep them for ever.
Natural exercise should be encouraged as much as possible - walking rather than driving, hiking trails on weekends, etc. But for many people this is impossible: They don't live in walkable areas and aren't comfortable spending their time outdoors in an unstructured way. This is unfortunate, because walking is really the best exercise, since it's something one can do every day, all one's life. There is research done currently on how strenuous exercise isn't as great as one thought for one's health (running, for example), and that gentle but daily exercise is better.
A rule of thumb: if you rely on intense exercise to maintain a healthy weight, it means you're eating too much. You will gain as soon as Life happens and you can't exercise, because changing eating habits takes effort.
I don't think the research is conclusive. There's also research that shows that supplements and even diet don't help prevent osteoporosis. Weight-bearing exercise does. That suggests that strength training is important, especially as we age.
Walking is not enough, unless you are walking at a brisk pace. Before modern inventions, humans did more strenuous activity -- lifting things, moving things, pushing things, pulling things. Walking alone doesn't make up for an absence of those activities.
People should walk more, but the notion that walking alone is enough or is the ideal form of exercise is flat out wrong. I also think it's wrong to assume the only thing people can do as they age is walk. Muscles atrophy. If people keep strength training, they are able to do more as they age because they won't lose as much muscle and bone, which are the things that make people unable to do things. Walking alone is not going to prevent muscle and bone loss.