Black toenails are a rite of passage for runners, and a twisted badge of honor.
I wonder if you might have a blister under the toenail - when a blister pops, what comes out is clear/yellowish.
I'd recommend buying a full size (not a half size) larger shoes, but if you go much bigger than that, you might get more blisters from the shoes moving around on your foot.
I have been running a little less than normal this year and the only good thing about that is that for once in my life, I have 10 toenails and none of them are black.