Either don't answer any calls the first time, which is not great since you'll miss calls you might actually want, or get caller ID if you don't already have it, so you can screen calls and not answer ones from unknown numbers.
The situation is much harder in the case of the elderly relatives who don't even know him but whom he's calling. I've found that older folks very often feel they must answer a ringing phone -- their feeling is, "What if it's my son or daughter calling about an emergency, what if it's my neighbor needing help," etc. and it can be hard to convince them otherwise. (This is why phone scams prey on the elderly a lot.)
Your husband can certainly contact (or better yet, see in person if possible) these elderly relatives to explain that for at least a time they should let calls go to voice mail, but that may be a tough sell. If you can afford it, and if you're genuinely worried that he might come to someone's home if they don't answer etc., you can offer to purchase caller ID for these relatives at least for a few months or a year, and be certain they know how to use it and will do so.
I feel for you. Others are being a bit dismissive of your post, I think. Clearly you have some real reasons to be concerned if this guy has been not just a user but also a dealer "for a large part of his life"; even a petty dealer could be in debt to much shadier people, hence his new and sneaky requests for money. I don't think, though, that the police are going to get involved over phone calls and will just tell you to screen calls, warn the relatives, and help them screen calls if they are not used to doing so.
Update us here.