Google "IRS home office deduction" -- the IRS has plenty of helpful fact sheets on this. If you are your own employer, look that up as well.
Personally, I work full time, but part of that time from home: I don't deduct anything because I work from home for my own convenience, not my employer's. My employer maintains an office for me regardless of where I work, so (as I understand the rules) I don't get to deduct my home office.