First, I am so sorry for your losses, I know that they hurt and we try so hard to find answers when the reality is that most miscarriages happen that early and it is usually because something went wrong with the baby making it not compatible with life. So many miscarriages happen at that stage that unless you are trying most don't even realize that they happened - thinking their periods are late, etc.
As for the progesterone, probably not. I take it there was no way to test the product of conception to see what the issue might have been? I found that insisting on that helped a LOT when it is possible.
Like you, I have a short luteal phase (9) days and I bleed through the entire second half of my cycle. They never could figure out what was wrong. Your Endo can test you on a cycle to see what your progesterone is doing and most are fine. I was able to have a baby even with my bleeding and short cycle on my own without intervention (first time around we did IVF)