Apologies for the lengthy post. In sum, it recommends volunteering for a political campaign and looking west.
I've been in a similar situation for 3 years now, and as miserable as it is, I am glad to see I'm not alone. For all you "haters" out there: governmental jobs are VERY hard to get these days - it has nothing to do with being "high and mighty." Even those of us with excellent reputations with several contacts pulling for us are having big troubles.
The truth is that the finance markets are overrun with PhDs now. If a bank wants a double finance-physics PhD, there's one out there in his/her early 30s willing to work for $80K for a couple of years. It's a buyer's market, and no matter how great your contacts are, it's almost impossible to get over this.
What I've done is looked at the CVs of people where I want to work - Treasury and FRBs. By far, most of them have campaign work on their CV at some point, and hence I've started volunteering at political campaigns. Unfortunately, I've had to start at the bottom.
The second thing I've started doing is lowering my price. Since I'm priced out of the market, I've fudged my resume to look young and apply for internships or junior analyst positions. This is humiliating, yes. And it promises very little pay. (I should add, my DW and children are currently living at my DW's parents' house. Yes, we're part of the 40+ crowd living with their parents.)
Finally, there was an article in the WSJ on 12/14 that noted that finance jobs are picking up in the midwest and in DC (I've had several interviews in St. Louis, and I often sing choruses from Philadelphia Story to keep my kids' spirits up).
I wish I could talk to my grandparents, who put their kids in an orphanage and traveled around the country looking for work during the Depression. Being separated from my family and giving up all of my alpha and beta is unappealing, but may be on the horizon soon - the prospects aren't good.