None, under 16, assuming you're traveling domestically. If he has a different last name from you, though, you might carry a copy of his birth certificate.
My daughter has a different last name from me. When we travel with her father, there's never been a question -- they share the same last name. The one time I flew with her without him, they did ask me about her name, but I happened to have her passport with me and just showed that. Even if I hadn't had the passport, I didn't get the sense that it would be an issue after I just explained it.
If he does have a passport or other ID, it wouldn't hurt to take it.