You can premake the egg/cheese and freeze or fridge it. Then in the am, toast the bagel, while it's toasting throw the egg in the microwave for a short blast (depending on if fridge or frozen) and then pop it into the bagel and go.
You can follow something like this for the egg:
https://tastesbetterfromscratch.com/freezer-breakfast-sandwiches
I would not recommend freezing the bagel with the egg, as the bagel will need more time to thaw than the egg. If you want to do an entirely frozen sandwich, go with the english muffin or something thinner/less dense than a bagel.