It really depends on the industry, OP. In some of them, there is no path to promotion. Most companies take a very transactional approach to retaining people - they only get credit if they're a flight risk, and with you, they missed that boat. It happens, but remember that in the big scheme of things, it may be worthwhile for them to continue dragging their feet. It saves them money.
Your mistake is feeling any sort of loyalty or sense of belonging. At the end of the day, you're replaceable and no one cares about you. You need to consider the best career path for yourself, period.