If anyone wants to get into it, HCPSS published a pdf that dives into the details of the budget.
https://www.hcpss.org/f/aboutus/budget/fy25/budget-toolkit/fy25-budget-toolkit-influencing-factors.pdf
HCPSS faces a double whammy of revenue shortfalls and budget increases.
Revenue shortfalls are due to changes in the county funding formula and the disappearance of temporary funding such as COVID relief grants.
The budget increases have four main causes:
-Employee Compensation and Benefits
-Transportation contract costs
-Blueprint implementation requirements
-Special Education service increases
Free Pre-K isn't too much of a cost driver. It's only $3 million for Pre-k expansion. Blueprint mandates add $8.9 million to the cost in total, not accounting for mandated teacher minimum wage increases. Transportation costs by comparison is an extra $9 million.
The biggest contributing factor is the increased cost of employee compensation and benefits. The budget factors in $25 million for increased employee compensation and $18.6 million for increased cost of benefits. Some of it is driven by the Blueprint mandate for minimum teacher wages, and some of it is just wage growth and inflation. Increased employee compensation and benefits accounts for over half of the increased budget, even with headcount cuts.
The biggest budget reduction line item is to cut 144.9 FTE to increase class size ratios. This is probably why the OP noted a large number of teachers being surplussed.
By the way, the budget factors in a request for an additional $47 million from the county. Otherwise, there will be more adjustments.