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[quote=Anonymous]In 1909, an organization called Hashomer (the Guardian) was founded by Yitzhak Ben Zvi and David Ben-Gurion as the first paramilitary formation which raised the slogan “Judaea was lost by blood and fire and will rise again by blood and fire.” It began its activities by assuming security functions for the settlements in the Galilee, then turned into a fighting force. In June 1920, and at the conference of Ahdut Ha Avoda, the formation of the Haganah (Defence) was announced, as an extension of Hashomer. In 1924, it issued its “constitution”, declaring itself to be a secret military formation whose object was to protect the Jewish community in Palestine, the Yishuv. The Haganah was linked to the Jewish Labor Unions (the Histadrut), and trained its members in the use of firearms in the Zionist Kibbutzes and settlements, before some of them enlisted in the British police force in Palestine. This gang also struck deals to buy weapons from outside Palestine which it then smuggled into the country and manufactured some weapons in small workshops founded in these kibbutzes and settlements. In 1939, a leadership structure was created for the Haganah, and was headed by Yacov Dori, later to become the first chief of staff of the Israeli army.

During World War II, hundreds of Haganah members enlisted in the British army to help Britain in its war against Nazi Germany and her allies. This gave them valuable military experience and enabled them to amass large hoards of weapons. At war's end, and in order to hasten the creation of a Jewish state, members of the Haganah and their elite units, called the Palmach, numbering some 60 thousand male and female fighters and 700 officers, began to carry out terrorist operations against British military and civilian outposts throughout Palestine. Their intelligence outfits then began to gather a lot of information on the Arabs, their towns and places of residence which they made use of in the years 1947 and 1948 in mounting military operations against Palestinian Arabs to drive them out of their towns and villages. Following the establishment of Israel, the Haganah was the base upon which was built the Israeli army and many of its leaders took part in leading that army as well as in occupying political posts in successive Israeli governments.[/quote]

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