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[quote=Anonymous][quote=Anonymous]It's also important to note that Dr. Moore's opinion is but one voice. For instance, a hugely influential work of Joseph Needham "A History of Embryology" devotes over fifty pages to the works of Galen, Aristotle, Hippocrates and other Greeks, but dispenses with the Arab achievements in this area in under one page, opining that the Arab scientific thought, though it contributed so much to optics and astronomy, did not contribute much to embryology. [/quote] For those who don't know who Moore or Needham are here are their respective biographies and people can decide who was more qualified to cast judgment on the accuracy of the Quran. Moore's textbooks were used in medical schools throughout the US. Moore examined the Quran and it's translation. [u]Dr. Keith Moore:[/u] Keith L. Moore, BA, MSC, PhD, DSC (HON), FIAC, FRSM, FAAA, is an internationally recognized leader in the teaching of human anatomy and embryology. He has revolutionized the field of medicine for more than 60 years through his innovative research. His investigation in the causes of birth defects led to major advances in how physicians screen for and diagnose several genetic conditions. Dr. Moore is a professor emeritus in the Division of Anatomy within the Department of Surgery’s Faculty of Medicine, at the University of Toronto. He has contributed to numerous publications and texts, which include The Developing Human, in its ninth edition, and Before We are Born, which is in its eighth edition. - See more at: http://elsevierauthors.com/keithmoore/#sthash.9d2LCNDe.dpuf Moore has co-written (with Professor Arthur F. Dalley and Professor Anne M. R. Agur) Clinically Oriented Anatomy, an English-language anatomy textbook.[5] He also co-wrote (with Professor Anne M. R. Agur and Professor Arthur F. Dalley) Essential Clinical Anatomy. The American Association of Clinical Anatomists awarded Dr. Moore, the previous president, with their Honored Member Award (in 1994).[7][8] The American Association of Anatomists awarded him the Henry Gray/Elsevier Distinguished Educator Award in 2007 for human anatomy education in the anatomical sciences.[2][3][9] The Queens Diamond Jubilee Medal was awarded to Dr. Moore in Barrie in 2012 [10] Member of the Canadian Association of Anatomists since 1954; Former Secretary and later President Member of the American Association of Anatomists since 1955 Consultant in Anatomy and Embryology, Honorary Attending Staff, Children’s Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 1959–1976 Member of the Advisory Board of the journal Acta Cytologica 1960–1990. Member of the Board of Consultants of the International Academy of Gynaecological Cytology since 1961 Member of the Senate of the University of Manitoba , Winnipeg Manitoba 1966–1976 Fellow of the International Academy of Cytology (FIAC) since 1968 Member of the Executive Committee of the Senate of the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Manitoba 1970–1976 American Medical Writers Association Award for “excellence in medical publications as represented by his book “The Developing Human” 1974 American Medical Writers Association Awarded Honourable Mention for his book Clinically Oriented Anatomy 1981 Founding member of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists; Vice President and later President 1983 J.C.B. Grant Award , the highest honour given by the Canadian Association of Anatomists in recognition of “meritorious and outstanding scholarly accomplishments in the field of anatomical services” 1984 Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine (FRSM) London England 1985 Associate Editor of the Clinical Anatomy Journal since 1986 Member of the National Board of Medical Examiners of the United States of America, the first Canadian to be appointed to this prestigious board. The certificate was presented “in appreciation of the valuable contribution to the work of the board and the preparation of examinations for American and Canadian Medical schools” 1988–1992 Member of the Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology for 20 years, the only Canadian ever appointed to this prestigious committee. The aim of this committee is “to present the official terminology of the anatomical sciences after consultation with all 55 members of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomy, thus insuring a democratic input to the terminology”. The terms are translated into several languages so that all anatomists and doctors can use the recommended terms 1989–2009 American Medical Writers Association First Place Award for medical books in the Physicians Category as represented by the book Clinically Oriented Anatomy 1993 Honoured Member of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists (AACA), the highest honour given by the association for scholarship and service. The recognition is for “outstanding contributions to the field of Clinical Anatomy, epitomized by his many textbooks on clinically- oriented gross anatomy and embryology, and many years of dedicated service to the AACA and its journal, Clinical Anatomy” 1994. Very Eminent Professor Award in Commemoration of 100 Years of Independence of Panama and the School of Medicine Panama City, Panama 2003 Fellow of the American Association of Anatomists . This Fellowship honours distinguished members who have demonstrated excellence in science and overall contributions to the medical sciences 2008. The University of Costa Rica, Faculty of Medicine in San Jose designated Dr. Moore as a “Maestro De La Anatomia De America” 2008 Honoured Member of the Italian Society of Anatomy and Histology in recognition of his scientific and academic curriculum 2009 Awarded the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee Medal. The Medal is awarded to those who have made significant contributions and achievements in Canada. The medal was created to mark the celebrations of the 60th anniversary of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II’s accession to the Throne as Queen of Canada, 2012 [u]Joseph Needham:[/u] Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham, CH, FRS,[1] FBA (/?ni?d?m/; 9 December 1900 – 24 March 1995), also known as Li Yuese (simplified Chinese: ???; traditional Chinese: ???; pinyin: L? Yu?sè: Wade–Giles: Li Yüeh-Sê), was a British scientist, historian and sinologist known for his scientific research and writing on the history of Chinese science. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1941,[2] and as a fellow of the British Academy in 1971.[3] In 1992, the Queen conferred on him the Companionship of Honour and the Royal Society noted he was the only living person to hold these three titles.[4]Needham was educated at Oundle School founded in 1556 in Northamptonshire, before receiving his bachelor's degree in 1921 from the University of Cambridge, master's degree in January 1925 and doctorate in October 1925. He had intended to study medicine but came under the influence of Frederick Gowland Hopkins and switched to Biochemistry.After graduation, he worked in Hopkins' laboratory at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, specialising in embryology and morphogenesis. His three-volume work Chemical Embryology, published in 1931, includes a history of embryology from Egyptian times up to the early 19th century, including quotations in most European languages. His Silliman memorial lecture of 1936 was published by Yale University under the title of Order and Life.[5] In 1939 he produced a massive work on morphogenesis that a Harvard reviewer claimed "will go down in the history of science as Joseph Needham's magnum opus", little knowing what would come later.[6] Although his career as biochemist and an academic was well established, his career developed in unanticipated directions during and after World War II. Three Chinese scientists came to work with Needham in 1937: Lu Gwei-djen (Chinese: ???; pinyin: Lu Gui-zhen), Wang Ying-lai (???) and Chen Shi-zhang (???). Lu (1904–91), daughter of a Nanjingese pharmacist, taught Needham Chinese, igniting his interest in China's ancient technological and scientific past. He then pursued, and mastered, the study of Classical Chinese privately with Gustav Haloun.[7] Under the Royal Society's direction, Needham was the director of the Sino-British Science Co-operation Office in Chongqing from 1942 to 1946. During this time he made several long journeys through war-torn China and many smaller ones, visiting scientific and educational establishments and obtaining for them much needed supplies. His longest trip ended in far west in Xinjiang at the caves in Dunhuang at the end of the Great Wall where the first printed copy of the Diamond Sutra was found. The other long trip reached Fuzhou on the east coast, returning across the Xiang River just two days before the Japanese blew up the bridge at Hengyang and cut off that part of China. In 1944 he visited Yunnan in an attempt to reach the Burmese border. Everywhere he went he purchased and was given old historical and scientific books which he shipped back to Britain through diplomatic channels and were to form the foundation of his later research. He got to know Zhou Enlai and met numerous Chinese scholars, including the painter Wu Zuoren (???), and the meteorologist Zhu Kezhen who later sent crates of books to him in Cambridge, including the 2,000 volumes of the Gujin Tushu Jicheng encyclopaedia, a comprehensive record of China's past.[8]On his return to Europe, he was asked by Julian Huxley to become the first head of the Natural Sciences Section of UNESCO in Paris, France. In fact it was Needham who insisted that science should be included in the organisation's mandate at an earlier planning meeting. After two years in which the suspicions of the Americans over scientific co-operation with communists intensified, Needham resigned in 1948 and returned to Gonville and Caius College, where he resumed his fellowship and his rooms, which were soon filled with his books. He devoted his energy to the history of Chinese science until his retirement in 1990, even though he continued to teach some biochemistry until 1966. Needham's reputation recovered from the Korean affair (see wikipedia) such that by 1959 he was elected as president of the fellows of Caius College and in 1965 he became master (head) of the College, a post which he held until he was 76. In 1961, Needham was awarded the George Sarton Medal by the History of Science Society and in 1966 he became Master of Gonville and Caius College. In 1984, Needham became the fourth recipient of the J.D. Bernal Award, awarded by the Society for Social Studies of Science. In 1990, he was awarded the Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize by Fukuoka City. The Needham Research Institute, devoted to the study of China's scientific history, was opened in 1985 by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Order of the Companions of Honour, 1992.[4] British Academy, 1971.[3] Royal Society, 1941.[2][/quote]
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