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Expectant and Postpartum Moms
Reply to "Why do you care what I decide to do to my son's penis when he is born?"
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[quote=Anonymous]How about this, from the U.K.? Shows plenty of medical reasons one might choose to circ. Very balanced, and hardly the you-are-mutilating-your-child article: http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/circumcision Indications for circumcision The most common reason given for circumcision is to fulfil ritual/religious requirements although it is being increasingly performed to prevent the acquisition of HIV in areas where that disease is rife, such as East and Southern Africa.[1] Strict medical reasons for circumcision include:[7] Phimosis: when the distal prepuce cannot be retracted over the glans penis, it is known as phimosis. In preschool children it is not unusual for there to be thin adhesions to the glans. This physiological phimosis is quite normal. At age 3 years about 10% of boys are unable to retract the foreskin but, by adolescence, 99% of boys achieve retraction. Severe phimosis is quite rare in young children and can be demonstrated by bulging of the foreskin during micturition. It should be remembered that circumcision is not the only option and preputioplasty can also be performed (this preserves the prepuce). Acquired phimosis occurs because of: Poor hygiene Chronic balanitis Repetitive forceful retraction of foreskin Phimosis does not obstruct the flow of urine but it can lead to infections, paraphimosis and interference with normal sexual activity. Paraphimosis: this is the inability to pull the foreskin from the retracted state back over the foreskin. It is a urological emergency which can lead to ischaemia of the glans if left untreated. This can arise, for example, after retraction of the foreskin for catheterisation. If it cannot be reduced, a dorsal incision may be required, followed by circumcision electively. Recurrent balanitis: balanitis is infection of the glans (posthitis is infection of the foreskin). Balanitis and posthitis respond to antibiotics and warm baths. Both may be caused by poor hygiene. Balanitis xerotica obliterans. Circumcision has other suggested benefits and indications: Recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). An American meta-analysis reported that uncircumcised males were 23.3% more likely to develop a UTI in their lifetime compared to circumcised males.[8] However, a Cochrane review recommended further research before routine circumcision could be recommended for the prevention of UTIs in all males.[9] Even in children who have complex renal problems, such as uretero-vesicular reflux, the situation is far from clear and decisions have to be taken based on the risks and benefits for individual patients.[10] Prevention of penile cancer. A UK meta-analysis reported a strong link between childhood circumcision and a reduction in the subsequent development of invasive penile cancer. This was thought to be more marked where there was a history of phimosis. There was some evidence that circumcision in adulthood was associated with an increased risk of invasive penile cancer. There was no effect on the development of intra-epithelial penile cancer when circumcision was performed at any age.[11] Reduction in the risk of sexually transmitted infection (STI). The evidence-base.supporting circumcision for the prevention of syphilis is equivocal.[12][13] Trials report that circumcision reduces HIV acquision by 53-60%, herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition by 28-34% and human papillomavirus prevalence by 32-35% in men. Bacterial vaginosis was reduced by 40% and Trichomonas vaginalis infection was reduced by 48% in the female partners of circumcised men.[14] [/quote]
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