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[quote=Anonymous][quote=Anonymous][quote=Anonymous][quote=Anonymous]Judaism has been centered on God from the beginning.

Jewish identity had been defined biologically. According to rabbinic Judaism, if one’s mother was Jewish, than one was Jewish, regardless of one’s actions or beliefs.

Referring to his thirteen principles, however, Maimonides wrote: “When all these foundations are perfectly understood and believed in by a person, he enters the community of Israel, and one is obligated to love and pity him in all ways in which the Creator has commanded that one should act towards his brother.” For Maimonides, one was not Jewish–at least not fully Jewish–if one did not believe in God and in the other tenets of belief that he outlined.

Maimonidestext annotation indicator--also known as Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, or Rambam--compiled and composed the thirteen principles of Jewish faith. He is often compared in greatness to Moses and towers above his peers among medieval Jewish thinkers and leaders.

The thirteen principles of faith are included in every Jewish prayer book, and are recited as a liturgical hymn at the conclusion of a Friday or Festival service. This recitation is known as the Yigdaltext annotation indicator and embodies Judaism's fundamental pillars of trandional belief, just as the Apostles' or the Nicene Creeds do for Christians.

Principle 1

I believe by complete faith that the Creator, blessed be His name, is the Creator and Guide for all created beings. He alone made, makes, and will make all that is created.

Principle 2

I believe by complete faith that the Creator, blessed be His name, is a Unity, and there is no union in any way like Him. He alone is our God, who was, who is, and who is to be.

Principle 3

I believe by complete faith that the Creator, blessed be His name, is not a body, is not affected by physical matter, and nothing whatsoever can compare to Him [or be compared with Him].

Principle 4

I believe by complete faith that the Creator, blessed be His name, is the first and is the last.

Principle 5

I believe by complete faith that the Creator, blessed be His name, to Him alone is it fitting to make prayer and to another prayer shall not be made.

Principle 6

I believe by complete faith that all the words of the prophets are true.

Principle 7

I believe by complete faith that the prophesy of Moses our teacher, may peace rest upon him, was true and that he was the father of all prophets that preceded him as well as all that came after him.

Principle 8

I believe by complete faith that the whole Torah now found in our hands was the exact same one given to Moses, may peace rest upon him.

Principle 9

I believe by complete faith that this is the Torah, and it shall not be changed and it shall not be replaced with another from the Creator, blessed be His name.

Principle 10

I believe by complete faith that the Creator, blessed be His name, knows every action done by each human being as well as all their thoughts, as it was said, "It is He that fashions their hearts together and He ponders all ther deeds" [Ps. 33:15].

Principle 11

I believe by complete faith that the Creator, blessed be His name, rewards all who keep His commandments and punishes all those who transgress His commands.

Principle 12

I believe by complete faith in the coming of the Messiah, and even though he tarry in waiting, in spite of that, I will still wait expectantly for him each day that he will come

Principle 13

I believe by complete faith that there will be a resurrection of the dead at the time that will be pleasing before the Creator, blessed be His name, and the remembrance of Him will be exalted forever and for all eternity.

These thirteen principles of faith form the foundation for ancient Jewish belief.

So the above is considered outdated or incorrect?

[/quote]

For many, especially non-Orthodox Jews, yes, parts of Maimonides 13 Principles are not understood literally today.

For example:
-[b]Principle 8 The Torah is from heaven.[/b] The Torah we have today is the Torah that God gave to Moses at Sinai. Most non-Orthodox Jews understand the Torah to have been written by multiple authors over many years (perhaps divinely inspired by God) and compiled later, not literally handed to us as-is by God at Sinai.

-[b]Principle 12 The days of the Messiah will come.[/b] Again, while most/all Jews pray for the Messiah, many (most?) non-Orthodox Jews don't necessarily believe that an individual person who is the Messiah will come to deliver us. Some believe in a "Messianic age" in which there will be peace. Some understand it to be a common striving toward peace.

-[b]Principle 13 The dead will be resurrected.[/b] Reform Judaism (and maybe other branches?) have actually changed the texts of certain prayers to remove references to resurrection, because they do not believe that.[/quote]

When did that change? Why did that change?[/quote]
"By the nineteenth century, this religious concept [resurrection of the dead] had become problematic. Enlightened Protestants in Western Europe affirmed the immortality of the soul, but not the bodily resurrection of the dead. Bodily resurrection was neither scientific nor spiritual. By the time of the Reform rabbinical conferences in the middle of the nineteenth century, most of the Reformers had spiritualized this belief as well." From the Reform Movement: https://www.ccarpress.org/content.asp?tid=456

That link also shares some of the ways that the Reform movement changed the wording of the prayer over time.[/quote]

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