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College and University Discussion
Reply to "Is there any empirical evidence on whether kids who must pay part of own college costs do better?"
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[quote=Anonymous][quote=Anonymous][quote=Anonymous][quote=Anonymous]There is research on working during college. The more hours that a kid works while in college, the less likely they are to graduate. [/quote] What if they're screwing, drugging and drinking (as many are, FYI) while they aren't working?[/quote] What cesspool do you live in? The majority of students do not abuse alcohol and drugs. [/quote] Not a majority, but 31% of college students met criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol abuse. Some statistics you may not have been aware of: Death: 1,400 college students between the ages of 18 and 24 die each year from alcohol related unintentional injuries, including motor vehicle crashes (Hingson, Hereen, Kakocs, Kopstein, & Wechsler, 2002). Injury: 500,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are unintentionally injured under the influence of alcohol (Hingson et al., 2002). Assault: More than 600,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are assaulted by another student who has been drinking (Hingson et al., 2002). Sexual Abuse: More than 70,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are victims of alcohol related sexual assault or date rape (Hingson et al., 2002). Unsafe Sex: 400,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 had unprotected sex and more than 100,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 report having been too intoxicated to know if they consented to having sex (Hingson et al., 2002). Academic Problems: About 25% of college students report academic consequences of their drinking including missing class, falling behind, doing poorly on exams or papers, and receiving lower grades overall (Engs, Diebold, & Hanson., 1996; Presley, Meilman, & Cashin, 1996; Presley, Meilman,, Cashin, & Lyerla, 1996; Wechsler et al., 2002). Health Problems/Suicide Attempts: More than 150,000 students develop an alcohol-related health problem (Hingson et al., 2002) and between 1.2 and 1.5 % of students indicate that they tried to commit suicide within the past year due to drinking or drug use (Presley et al., 1996a). 4 Drunk Driving: 2.1 million students between the ages of 18 and 24 drove under the influence of alcohol last year (Hingson et al., 2002). Vandalism: About 11% of college student drinkers report that they have damaged property while under the influence of alcohol (Wechsler et al., 2002). Property Damage: More than 25% of administrators from schools with relatively low drinking levels and over 50% from schools with high drinking levels say their campuses have a "moderate" or "major" problem with alcohol related property damage (Wechsler et al., 1995). Police Involvement: About 5% of four-year college students are involved with the police or campus security as a result of their drinking (Wechsler et al., 2002) and an estimated 110,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are arrested for an alcohol related violation such as public drunkenness or driving under the influence (Hingson et al., 2002). Alcohol Abuse and Dependence: 31% of college students met criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol abuse and 6% for a diagnosis of alcohol dependence in the past 12 months, according to questionnaire based self reports about their drinking (Knight, Wechsler, Juo, Seibring, Weitzman & Schuckit, 2002). References Milgram, G. G., & Anderson, D. S. (2000) Action planner: Steps for developing a comprehensive campus alcohol abuse prevention program. Chico Record, May 16, 1919, 5 DeJong, W., & Langford, L. M. (2002). A typology for campus-based alcohol prevention: Moving toward environmental management strategies. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 14, 140-147. DeJong, W., Vince-Whitman, C., Colthurst, T., Cretella, M., Gilbreath, M. Rosati, M., and Zweig, K. (1998). Environmental management: A comprehensive Strategy for reducing alcohol and other drug use on college campuses. Newton, MA: Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, U. S. Department of Education. Engs, R. C., Diebold, B. A., & Hanson, D. J. (1996). The drinking patterns and problems of a national sample of college students, 1994. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 41(3), 13-33. Johannessen, K. (2003).A practitioner’s perspective. The Report on Social Norms, 2(8), 4-5. Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., & Bachman, J. G. (1988). Illicit drug use, smoking, and drinking by America’s high school students, college students, and young adults. Rockville, MD: National institute on Drug Abuse. DHHS Publication No. (adm) 89-1602. Knight, J. R., Wechsler, H., Juo, M., Seibring, M., Weitzman, E. R., Schuckit, M. A. (2002). Alcohol abuse and dependence among U.S. college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 63, 35-44. Meyer, M. D. S. (2001). Chico State’s pioneer days, 1919-1987: Imagining the “good old days.” (Unpublished Master’s Thesis, California State University, Chico) Presley, C. A., Meilman, P. W., Cashin, J. R. (1996). Alcohol and drugs on American college campuses: Use, consequences and perceptions of the campus environment, Vol. IV: 1992-1994. Carbondale, IL: Core Institute, Southern Illinois University. Presley, C. A. A., Meilman, P. W., Cashin J. R., Lyerla, R. (1996). Alcohol and drugs on American college campuses: Use, consequences and perceptions of the campus environment. Vol. III: 1991-1992. Carbondale, IL: Core Institute, Southern Illinois University. Rachel, J. V., Maisto, S. A., Guess, L. L., & Hubbard, R. L. (1981). Alcohol misuse among adolescents. Alcohol and Use Facts for Planning, 4, 26-33. Stokols, D. (1996). Translating social ecological theory into guidelines for community health promotion. American Journal of Health Promotion, 10, 282-298. Task Force on College Drinking, National Advisory Council on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2002). Final report of the panel on prevention and treatment. How to reduce high-risk college drinking: Use proven strategies, fill research gaps. Wechsler, H., Davenport. A., Dowdall, G., Moeykens, B., Castillo, S. (1994). Health and behavioral consequences of binge drinking in college: A national survey of students at 140 campuses. Journal of the American Medical Association, 272, 1672-1677. Wechsler, H., Joeykins, B., Davenport, A., Castillo, S., & Hansen, J. (1995). The adverse impact of heavy episodic drinkers on other college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 56, 628-634. Wechsler, H., Dowdall, G., Maenner, G., Gledhill-Hoyt, J., & Lee, H. (1998). Changes in binge drinking and related problems among American college students between 1993 and 1997. Journal of American College Health, 47, 57-68. Wechsler, H., Lee, J. E., Nelson, T. F., & Juo, M. (2000). Underage college students’ drinking behavior, access to alcohol, and the influence of deterrence policies: Finding from the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study. Journal of American College Health, 50(4), 223-236. Wechsler, H., Lee, J. E., & Kuo, M. (2002). Trends in college binge drinking during a period of increased prevention efforts: Findings from four Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study surveys, 1993-2001. Journal of American College Health, 50(5), 203-217. [/quote]
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