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[quote=Anonymous]Arsenic as a causative agent in human disease (page 61)

MOUSE MODELS OF HUMAN IN UTERO
AND ADULT EXPOSURES TO LOW-DOSE ARSENIC
Joshua W. Hamilton Ph.D.
Senior Scientist, Bay Paul Center,
Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole MA
Professor, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine,
Brown University, Providence RI
Project Leader, Dartmouth’s Superfund Research Program
on Toxic Metals, Hanover NH
 
Arsenic as a causative agent in human disease (page 61)
• Chronic human exposure to inorganic arsenic at subacute
doses has been linked to increased risk of:
• Cancers- esp. lung, skin and bladder but also liver,
kidney, and other malignancies
• Diabetes (type 2, non-insulin-dependent, “adultonset”)
• Vascular and cardiovascular disease
• Reproductive and developmental problems
• Neurological problems
• U.S. & South America - range is typically 1-100 ppb
• Asia - range is typically 10-1000 ppb
 
 
Arsenic as an endocrine disruptor (page 64)
What is an endocrine disruptor?
“Collectively, chemicals with the potential to interfere with
the function of endocrine systems are called endocrine
disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs have been defined as
exogenous agents that interfere with the production,
release, transport, metabolism, binding, action, or
elimination of the natural hormones in the body responsible
for the maintenance of homeostasis and the regulation of
developmental processes.”
Strategic Research Plan for Endocrine Disruptors,
1998
Office of Research and Development
U.S. EPA
 
 
Summary of arsenic as an endocrine disruptor (page 69)
• Arsenic affects all five steroid hormone receptors:
• Estrogen Receptor
• Progesterone Receptor
• Androgen (Testosterone) Receptor
• Glucocorticoid (Cortisol) Receptor
• Mineralocorticoid (Aldosterone) Receptor
• Arsenic affects other nuclear hormone receptors:
• Retinoic Acid Receptor
• Thyroid Hormone Receptor
• PPAR Receptors
• Arsenic enhances hormone signaling at very low doses
• Arsenic suppresses hormone signaling at higher doses
 
Arsenic and lung disease (pg. 70)
• Arsenic exposure is associated with increased risk of:
• Lung Cancer
• Bronchiectasis
• COPD
• Emphysema
• Chronic Lung Infections
• Arsenic is unique in increasing lung disease risk via
ingestion rather than (or in addition to) inhalation
• Arsenic synergistically increases risk of lung disease
from other lung toxicants including tobacco smoke,
environmental air contaminants, bacterial and viral
infections
 
Arsenic and metabolic diseases (pg. 73)
• Arsenic exposure has been associated with:
• Changes in serum cholesterol and triglycerides
• Development of type 2 diabetes and other
metabolic disorders
• Lower than normal birth weights
• Decreases in body weight and growth during early
childhood
• Vascular and cardiovascular disease
 [/quote]

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